git-gui: Always use absolute path to all git executables

Rather than making the C library search for git every time we want
to execute it we now search for the main git wrapper at startup, do
symlink resolution, and then always use the absolute path that we
found to execute the binary later on.  This should save us some
cycles, especially on stat challenged systems like Cygwin/Win32.

While I was working on this change I also converted all of our
existing pipes ([open "| git ..."]) to use two new pipe wrapper
functions.  These functions take additional options like --nice
and --stderr which instructs Tcl to take special action, like
running the underlying git program through `nice` (if available)
or redirect stderr to stdout for capture in Tcl.

Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>

git-gui.sh

@@ -117,6 +117,7 @@ set _gitdir {}
 set _gitexec {}
 set _reponame {}
 set _iscygwin {}
+set _search_path {}
 
 proc appname {} {
 	global _appname
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ proc gitdir {args} {
 	if {$args eq {}} {
 		return $_gitdir
 	}
-	return [eval [concat [list file join $_gitdir] $args]]
+	return [eval [list file join $_gitdir] $args]
 }
 
 proc gitexec {args} {
@@ -137,11 +138,19 @@ proc gitexec {args} {
 		if {[catch {set _gitexec [git --exec-path]} err]} {
 			error "Git not installed?\n\n$err"
 		}
+		if {[is_Cygwin]} {
+			set _gitexec [exec cygpath \
+				--windows \
+				--absolute \
+				$_gitexec]
+		} else {
+			set _gitexec [file normalize $_gitexec]
+		}
 	}
 	if {$args eq {}} {
 		return $_gitexec
 	}
-	return [eval [concat [list file join $_gitexec] $args]]
+	return [eval [list file join $_gitexec] $args]
 }
 
 proc reponame {} {
@@ -237,7 +246,7 @@ proc load_config {include_global} {
 	array unset global_config
 	if {$include_global} {
 		catch {
-			set fd_rc [open "| git config --global --list" r]
+			set fd_rc [git_read config --global --list]
 			while {[gets $fd_rc line] >= 0} {
 				if {[regexp {^([^=]+)=(.*)$} $line line name value]} {
 					if {[is_many_config $name]} {
@@ -253,7 +262,7 @@ proc load_config {include_global} {
 
 	array unset repo_config
 	catch {
-		set fd_rc [open "| git config --list" r]
+		set fd_rc [git_read config --list]
 		while {[gets $fd_rc line] >= 0} {
 			if {[regexp {^([^=]+)=(.*)$} $line line name value]} {
 				if {[is_many_config $name]} {
@@ -280,8 +289,172 @@ proc load_config {include_global} {
 ##
 ## handy utils
 
+proc _git_cmd {name} {
+	global _git_cmd_path
+
+	if {[catch {set v $_git_cmd_path($name)}]} {
+		switch -- $name {
+		--version   -
+		--exec-path { return [list $::_git $name] }
+		}
+
+		set p [gitexec git-$name$::_search_exe]
+		if {[file exists $p]} {
+			set v [list $p]
+		} elseif {[is_Cygwin]} {
+			# On Cygwin git is a proper Cygwin program and knows
+			# how to properly restart the Cygwin environment and
+			# spawn its non-.exe support program.
+			#
+			set v [list $::_git $name]
+		} elseif {[is_Windows]
+			&& $::_sh ne {}
+			&& [file exists [gitexec git-$name]]} {
+			# Assume this is a UNIX shell script.  We can
+			# probably execute it through a Bourne shell.
+			#
+			set v [list $::_sh [gitexec git-$name]]
+		} else {
+			error "No [gitexec git-$name]"
+		}
+		set _git_cmd_path($name) $v
+	}
+	return $v
+}
+
+proc _which {what} {
+	global env _search_exe _search_path
+
+	if {$_search_path eq {}} {
+		if {[is_Cygwin]} {
+			set _search_path [split [exec cygpath \
+				--windows \
+				--path \
+				--absolute \
+				$env(PATH)] {;}]
+			set _search_exe .exe
+		} elseif {[is_Windows]} {
+			set _search_path [split $env(PATH) {;}]
+			set _search_exe .exe
+		} else {
+			set _search_path [split $env(PATH) :]
+			set _search_exe {}
+		}
+	}
+
+	foreach p $_search_path {
+		set p [file join $p $what$_search_exe]
+		if {[file exists $p]} {
+			return [file normalize $p]
+		}
+	}
+	return {}
+}
+
 proc git {args} {
-	return [eval exec git $args]
+	set opt [list exec]
+
+	while {1} {
+		switch -- [lindex $args 0] {
+		--nice {
+			global _nice
+			if {$_nice ne {}} {
+				lappend opt $_nice
+			}
+		}
+
+		default {
+			break
+		}
+
+		}
+
+		set args [lrange $args 1 end]
+	}
+
+	set cmdp [_git_cmd [lindex $args 0]]
+	set args [lrange $args 1 end]
+
+	return [eval $opt $cmdp $args]
+}
+
+proc git_read {args} {
+	set opt [list |]
+
+	while {1} {
+		switch -- [lindex $args 0] {
+		--nice {
+			global _nice
+			if {$_nice ne {}} {
+				lappend opt $_nice
+			}
+		}
+
+		--stderr {
+			lappend args 2>@1
+		}
+
+		default {
+			break
+		}
+
+		}
+
+		set args [lrange $args 1 end]
+	}
+
+	set cmdp [_git_cmd [lindex $args 0]]
+	set args [lrange $args 1 end]
+
+	if {[catch {
+			set fd [open [concat $opt $cmdp $args] r]
+		} err]} {
+		if {   [lindex $args end] eq {2>@1}
+		    && $err eq {can not find channel named "1"}
+			} {
+			# Older versions of Tcl 8.4 don't have this 2>@1 IO
+			# redirect operator.  Fallback to |& cat for those.
+			# The command was not actually started, so its safe
+			# to try to start it a second time.
+			#
+			set fd [open [concat \
+				$opt \
+				$cmdp \
+				[lrange $args 0 end-1] \
+				[list |& cat] \
+				] r]
+		} else {
+			error $err
+		}
+	}
+	return $fd
+}
+
+proc git_write {args} {
+	set opt [list |]
+
+	while {1} {
+		switch -- [lindex $args 0] {
+		--nice {
+			global _nice
+			if {$_nice ne {}} {
+				lappend opt $_nice
+			}
+		}
+
+		default {
+			break
+		}
+
+		}
+
+		set args [lrange $args 1 end]
+	}
+
+	set cmdp [_git_cmd [lindex $args 0]]
+	set args [lrange $args 1 end]
+
+	return [open [concat $opt $cmdp $args] w]
 }
 
 proc load_current_branch {} {
@@ -318,6 +491,19 @@ proc tk_optionMenu {w varName args} {
 	return $m
 }
 
+######################################################################
+##
+## find git
+
+set _git  [_which git]
+if {$_git eq {}} {
+	catch {wm withdraw .}
+	error_popup "Cannot find git in PATH."
+	exit 1
+}
+set _nice [_which nice]
+set _sh   [_which sh]
+
 ######################################################################
 ##
 ## version check
@@ -566,12 +752,12 @@ proc rescan {after {honor_trustmtime 1}} {
 	} else {
 		set rescan_active 1
 		ui_status {Refreshing file status...}
-		set cmd [list git update-index]
+		set fd_rf [git_read update-index \
-		lappend cmd -q
+			-q \
-		lappend cmd --unmerged
+			--unmerged \
-		lappend cmd --ignore-missing
+			--ignore-missing \
-		lappend cmd --refresh
+			--refresh \
-		set fd_rf [open "| $cmd" r]
+			]
 		fconfigure $fd_rf -blocking 0 -translation binary
 		fileevent $fd_rf readable \
 			[list rescan_stage2 $fd_rf $after]
@@ -587,8 +773,7 @@ proc rescan_stage2 {fd after} {
 		close $fd
 	}
 
-	set ls_others [list | git ls-files --others -z \
+	set ls_others [list --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore]
-		--exclude-per-directory=.gitignore]
 	set info_exclude [gitdir info exclude]
 	if {[file readable $info_exclude]} {
 		lappend ls_others "--exclude-from=$info_exclude"
@@ -600,9 +785,9 @@ proc rescan_stage2 {fd after} {
 
 	set rescan_active 3
 	ui_status {Scanning for modified files ...}
-	set fd_di [open "| git diff-index --cached -z [PARENT]" r]
+	set fd_di [git_read diff-index --cached -z [PARENT]]
-	set fd_df [open "| git diff-files -z" r]
+	set fd_df [git_read diff-files -z]
-	set fd_lo [open $ls_others r]
+	set fd_lo [eval git_read ls-files --others -z $ls_others]
 
 	fconfigure $fd_di -blocking 0 -translation binary -encoding binary
 	fconfigure $fd_df -blocking 0 -translation binary -encoding binary

lib/blame.tcl

@@ -371,8 +371,7 @@ method _load {jump} {
 	if {$commit eq {}} {
 		set fd [open $path r]
 	} else {
-		set cmd [list git cat-file blob "$commit:$path"]
+		set fd [git_read cat-file blob "$commit:$path"]
-		set fd [open "| $cmd" r]
 	}
 	fconfigure $fd -blocking 0 -translation lf -encoding binary
 	fileevent $fd readable [cb _read_file $fd $jump]
@@ -475,20 +474,14 @@ method _read_file {fd jump} {
 } ifdeleted { catch {close $fd} }
 
 method _exec_blame {cur_w cur_d options cur_s} {
-	set cmd [list]
+	lappend options --incremental
-	if {![is_Windows] || [is_Cygwin]} {
-		lappend cmd nice
-	}
-	lappend cmd git blame
-	set cmd [concat $cmd $options]
-	lappend cmd --incremental
 	if {$commit eq {}} {
-		lappend cmd --contents $path
+		lappend options --contents $path
 	} else {
-		lappend cmd $commit
+		lappend options $commit
 	}
-	lappend cmd -- $path
+	lappend options -- $path
-	set fd [open "| $cmd" r]
+	set fd [eval git_read --nice blame $options]
 	fconfigure $fd -blocking 0 -translation lf -encoding binary
 	fileevent $fd readable [cb _read_blame $fd $cur_w $cur_d]
 	set current_fd $fd
@@ -767,7 +760,7 @@ method _showcommit {cur_w lno} {
 		if {[catch {set msg $header($cmit,message)}]} {
 			set msg {}
 			catch {
-				set fd [open "| git cat-file commit $cmit" r]
+				set fd [git_read cat-file commit $cmit]
 				fconfigure $fd -encoding binary -translation lf
 				if {[catch {set enc $repo_config(i18n.commitencoding)}]} {
 					set enc utf-8

lib/branch.tcl

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ proc load_all_heads {} {
 	set rh refs/heads
 	set rh_len [expr {[string length $rh] + 1}]
 	set all_heads [list]
-	set fd [open "| git for-each-ref --format=%(refname) $rh" r]
+	set fd [git_read for-each-ref --format=%(refname) $rh]
 	while {[gets $fd line] > 0} {
 		if {!$some_heads_tracking || ![is_tracking_branch $line]} {
 			lappend all_heads [string range $line $rh_len end]
@@ -20,7 +20,10 @@ proc load_all_heads {} {
 
 proc load_all_tags {} {
 	set all_tags [list]
-	set fd [open "| git for-each-ref --sort=-taggerdate --format=%(refname) refs/tags" r]
+	set fd [git_read for-each-ref \
+		--sort=-taggerdate \
+		--format=%(refname) \
+		refs/tags]
 	while {[gets $fd line] > 0} {
 		if {![regsub ^refs/tags/ $line {} name]} continue
 		lappend all_tags $name

lib/browser.tcl

@@ -178,8 +178,7 @@ method _ls {tree_id {name {}}} {
 	lappend browser_stack [list $tree_id $name]
 	$w conf -state disabled
 
-	set cmd [list git ls-tree -z $tree_id]
+	set fd [git_read ls-tree -z $tree_id]
-	set fd [open "| $cmd" r]
 	fconfigure $fd -blocking 0 -translation binary -encoding binary
 	fileevent $fd readable [cb _read $fd]
 }

lib/checkout_op.tcl

@@ -274,12 +274,12 @@ The rescan will be automatically started now.
 		_readtree $this
 	} else {
 		ui_status {Refreshing file status...}
-		set cmd [list git update-index]
+		set fd [git_read update-index \
-		lappend cmd -q
+			-q \
-		lappend cmd --unmerged
+			--unmerged \
-		lappend cmd --ignore-missing
+			--ignore-missing \
-		lappend cmd --refresh
+			--refresh \
-		set fd [open "| $cmd" r]
+			]
 		fconfigure $fd -blocking 0 -translation binary
 		fileevent $fd readable [cb _refresh_wait $fd]
 	}
@@ -315,23 +315,14 @@ method _readtree {} {
 		"Updating working directory to '[_name $this]'..." \
 		{files checked out}
 
-	set cmd [list git read-tree]
+	set fd [git_read --stderr read-tree \
-	lappend cmd -m
+		-m \
-	lappend cmd -u
+		-u \
-	lappend cmd -v
+		-v \
-	lappend cmd --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore
+		--exclude-per-directory=.gitignore \
-	lappend cmd $HEAD
+		$HEAD \
-	lappend cmd $new_hash
+		$new_hash \
-
+		]
-	if {[catch {
-			set fd [open "| $cmd 2>@1" r]
-		} err]} {
-		# Older versions of Tcl 8.4 don't have this 2>@1 IO
-		# redirect operator.  Fallback to |& cat for those.
-		#
-		set fd [open "| $cmd |& cat" r]
-	}
-
 	fconfigure $fd -blocking 0 -translation binary
 	fileevent $fd readable [cb _readtree_wait $fd]
 }
@@ -524,7 +515,7 @@ method _confirm_reset {cur} {
 	pack $w.buttons.cancel -side right -padx 5
 	pack $w.buttons -side bottom -fill x -pady 10 -padx 10
 
-	set fd [open "| git rev-list --pretty=oneline $cur ^$new_hash" r]
+	set fd [git_read rev-list --pretty=oneline $cur ^$new_hash]
 	while {[gets $fd line] > 0} {
 		set abbr [string range $line 0 7]
 		set subj [string range $line 41 end]

lib/commit.tcl

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ You are currently in the middle of a merge that has not been fully completed.  Y
 	set msg {}
 	set parents [list]
 	if {[catch {
-			set fd [open "| git cat-file commit $curHEAD" r]
+			set fd [git_read cat-file commit $curHEAD]
 			fconfigure $fd -encoding binary -translation lf
 			if {[catch {set enc $repo_config(i18n.commitencoding)}]} {
 				set enc utf-8
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ proc commit_prehook_wait {fd_ph curHEAD msg} {
 
 proc commit_writetree {curHEAD msg} {
 	ui_status {Committing changes...}
-	set fd_wt [open "| git write-tree" r]
+	set fd_wt [git_read write-tree]
 	fileevent $fd_wt readable \
 		[list commit_committree $fd_wt $curHEAD $msg]
 }

lib/database.tcl

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2006, 2007 Shawn Pearce
 
 proc do_stats {} {
-	set fd [open "| git count-objects -v" r]
+	set fd [git_read count-objects -v]
 	while {[gets $fd line] > 0} {
 		if {[regexp {^([^:]+): (\d+)$} $line _ name value]} {
 			set stats($name) $value

lib/diff.tcl

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ proc show_diff {path w {lno {}}} {
 		return
 	}
 
-	set cmd [list | git]
+	set cmd [list]
 	if {$w eq $ui_index} {
 		lappend cmd diff-index
 		lappend cmd --cached
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ proc show_diff {path w {lno {}}} {
 	lappend cmd --
 	lappend cmd $path
 
-	if {[catch {set fd [open $cmd r]} err]} {
+	if {[catch {set fd [eval git_read --nice $cmd]} err]} {
 		set diff_active 0
 		unlock_index
 		ui_status "Unable to display [escape_path $path]"
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ proc apply_hunk {x y} {
 	if {$current_diff_path eq {} || $current_diff_header eq {}} return
 	if {![lock_index apply_hunk]} return
 
-	set apply_cmd {git apply --cached --whitespace=nowarn}
+	set apply_cmd {apply --cached --whitespace=nowarn}
 	set mi [lindex $file_states($current_diff_path) 0]
 	if {$current_diff_side eq $ui_index} {
 		set mode unstage
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ proc apply_hunk {x y} {
 	}
 
 	if {[catch {
-		set p [open "| $apply_cmd" w]
+		set p [eval git_write $apply_cmd]
 		fconfigure $p -translation binary -encoding binary
 		puts -nonewline $p $current_diff_header
 		puts -nonewline $p [$ui_diff get $s_lno $e_lno]

lib/index.tcl

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ proc update_indexinfo {msg pathList after} {
 		$update_index_cp \
 		$totalCnt \
 		0.0]
-	set fd [open "| git update-index -z --index-info" w]
+	set fd [git_write update-index -z --index-info]
 	fconfigure $fd \
 		-blocking 0 \
 		-buffering full \
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ proc update_index {msg pathList after} {
 		$update_index_cp \
 		$totalCnt \
 		0.0]
-	set fd [open "| git update-index --add --remove -z --stdin" w]
+	set fd [git_write update-index --add --remove -z --stdin]
 	fconfigure $fd \
 		-blocking 0 \
 		-buffering full \
@@ -167,13 +167,13 @@ proc checkout_index {msg pathList after} {
 		$update_index_cp \
 		$totalCnt \
 		0.0]
-	set cmd [list git checkout-index]
+	set fd [git_write checkout-index \
-	lappend cmd --index
+		--index \
-	lappend cmd --quiet
+		--quiet \
-	lappend cmd --force
+		--force \
-	lappend cmd -z
+		-z \
-	lappend cmd --stdin
+		--stdin \
-	set fd [open "| $cmd " w]
+		]
 	fconfigure $fd \
 		-blocking 0 \
 		-buffering full \

lib/merge.tcl

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ The working directory will now be reset.
 
 You can attempt this merge again by merging only one branch at a time." $w
 
-			set fd [open "| git read-tree --reset -u HEAD" r]
+			set fd [git_read read-tree --reset -u HEAD]
 			fconfigure $fd -blocking 0 -translation binary
 			fileevent $fd readable \
 				[namespace code [list _reset_wait $fd]]
@@ -167,11 +167,13 @@ proc dialog {} {
 	if {![_can_merge]} return
 
 	set fmt {list %(objectname) %(*objectname) %(refname) %(subject)}
-	set cmd [list git for-each-ref --tcl --format=$fmt]
+	set fr_fd [git_read for-each-ref \
-	lappend cmd refs/heads
+		--tcl \
-	lappend cmd refs/remotes
+		--format=$fmt \
-	lappend cmd refs/tags
+		refs/heads \
-	set fr_fd [open "| $cmd" r]
+		refs/remotes \
+		refs/tags \
+		]
 	fconfigure $fr_fd -translation binary
 	while {[gets $fr_fd line] > 0} {
 		set line [eval $line]
@@ -186,7 +188,7 @@ proc dialog {} {
 	close $fr_fd
 
 	set to_show {}
-	set fr_fd [open "| git rev-list --all --not HEAD"]
+	set fr_fd [git_read rev-list --all --not HEAD]
 	while {[gets $fr_fd line] > 0} {
 		if {[catch {set ref $sha1($line)}]} continue
 		foreach n $ref {
@@ -282,7 +284,7 @@ You must finish amending this commit.
 Aborting the current $op will cause *ALL* uncommitted changes to be lost.
 
 Continue with aborting the current $op?"] eq {yes}} {
-		set fd [open "| git read-tree --reset -u HEAD" r]
+		set fd [git_read read-tree --reset -u HEAD]
 		fconfigure $fd -blocking 0 -translation binary
 		fileevent $fd readable [namespace code [list _reset_wait $fd]]
 		ui_status {Aborting... please wait...}

lib/option.tcl

@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ $copyright" \
 	}
 
 	set d {}
+	append d "git wrapper: $::_git\n"
 	append d "git exec dir: [gitexec]\n"
 	append d "git-gui lib: $oguilib"
 

lib/remote.tcl

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ proc all_tracking_branches {} {
 	}
 
 	if {$pat ne {}} {
-		set fd [open "| git for-each-ref --format=%(refname) $cmd" r]
+		set fd [eval git_read for-each-ref --format=%(refname) $cmd]
 		while {[gets $fd n] > 0} {
 			foreach spec $pat {
 				set dst [string range [lindex $spec 0] 0 end-2]

lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl

@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ method _load {cache uri} {
 		set full_list [list]
 		set head_cache($cache) [list]
 		set full_cache($cache) [list]
-		set active_ls [open "| [list git ls-remote $uri]" r]
+		set active_ls [git_read ls-remote $uri]
 		fconfigure $active_ls \
 			-blocking 0 \
 			-translation lf \