builtin/diff-index: learn --merge-base

There is currently no easy way to take the diff between the working tree
or index and the merge base between an arbitrary commit and HEAD. Even
diff's `...` notation doesn't allow this because it only works between
commits. However, the ability to do this would be desirable to a user
who would like to see all the changes they've made on a branch plus
uncommitted changes without taking into account changes made in the
upstream branch.

Teach diff-index and diff (with one commit) the --merge-base option
which allows a user to use the merge base of a commit and HEAD as the
"before" side.

Signed-off-by: Denton Liu <liu.denton@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

Documentation/git-diff-index.txt

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-diff-index - Compare a tree to the working tree or index
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git diff-index' [-m] [--cached] [<common diff options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]
+'git diff-index' [-m] [--cached] [--merge-base] [<common diff options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -29,6 +29,11 @@ include::diff-options.txt[]
 --cached::
 	Do not consider the on-disk file at all.
 
+--merge-base::
+	Instead of comparing <tree-ish> directly, use the merge base
+	between <tree-ish> and HEAD instead.  <tree-ish> must be a
+	commit.
+
 -m::
 	By default, files recorded in the index but not checked
 	out are reported as deleted.  This flag makes

Documentation/git-diff.txt

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git diff' [<options>] [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]
-'git diff' [<options>] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]
+'git diff' [<options>] --cached [--merge-base] [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]
 'git diff' [<options>] <commit> [<commit>...] <commit> [--] [<path>...]
 'git diff' [<options>] <commit>...<commit> [--] [<path>...]
 'git diff' [<options>] <blob> <blob>
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ files on disk.
 	or when running the command outside a working tree
 	controlled by Git. This form implies `--exit-code`.
 
-'git diff' [<options>] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]::
+'git diff' [<options>] --cached [--merge-base] [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]::
 
 	This form is to view the changes you staged for the next
 	commit relative to the named <commit>.  Typically you
@@ -49,6 +49,10 @@ files on disk.
 	If HEAD does not exist (e.g. unborn branches) and
 	<commit> is not given, it shows all staged changes.
 	--staged is a synonym of --cached.
++
+If --merge-base is given, instead of using <commit>, use the merge base
+of <commit> and HEAD.  `git diff --merge-base A` is equivalent to
+`git diff $(git merge-base A HEAD)`.
 
 'git diff' [<options>] <commit> [--] [<path>...]::
 
@@ -89,8 +93,8 @@ files on disk.
 
 Just in case you are doing something exotic, it should be
 noted that all of the <commit> in the above description, except
-in the last two forms that use `..` notations, can be any
-<tree>.
+in the `--merge-base` case and in the last two forms that use `..`
+notations, can be any <tree>.
 
 For a more complete list of ways to spell <commit>, see
 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].

builtin/diff-index.c

@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ int cmd_diff_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--cached"))
 			option |= DIFF_INDEX_CACHED;
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--merge-base"))
+			option |= DIFF_INDEX_MERGE_BASE;
 		else
 			usage(diff_cache_usage);
 	}

builtin/diff.c

@@ -139,6 +139,8 @@ static int builtin_diff_index(struct rev_info *revs,
 		const char *arg = argv[1];
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--cached") || !strcmp(arg, "--staged"))
 			option |= DIFF_INDEX_CACHED;
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--merge-base"))
+			option |= DIFF_INDEX_MERGE_BASE;
 		else
 			usage(builtin_diff_usage);
 		argv++; argc--;

diff-lib.c

@@ -561,13 +561,26 @@ int run_diff_index(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 {
 	struct object_array_entry *ent;
 	int cached = !!(option & DIFF_INDEX_CACHED);
+	int merge_base = !!(option & DIFF_INDEX_MERGE_BASE);
+	struct object_id oid;
+	const char *name;
+	char merge_base_hex[GIT_MAX_HEXSZ + 1];
 
 	if (revs->pending.nr != 1)
 		BUG("run_diff_index must be passed exactly one tree");
 
 	trace_performance_enter();
 	ent = revs->pending.objects;
-	if (diff_cache(revs, &ent->item->oid, ent->name, cached))
+
+	if (merge_base) {
+		diff_get_merge_base(revs, &oid);
+		name = oid_to_hex_r(merge_base_hex, &oid);
+	} else {
+		oidcpy(&oid, &ent->item->oid);
+		name = ent->name;
+	}
+
+	if (diff_cache(revs, &oid, name, cached))
 		exit(128);
 
 	diff_set_mnemonic_prefix(&revs->diffopt, "c/", cached ? "i/" : "w/");

diff.h

@@ -589,6 +589,7 @@ void diff_get_merge_base(const struct rev_info *revs, struct object_id *mb);
 int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option);
 
 #define DIFF_INDEX_CACHED 01
+#define DIFF_INDEX_MERGE_BASE 02
 int run_diff_index(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option);
 
 int do_diff_cache(const struct object_id *, struct diff_options *);

t/t4068-diff-symmetric-merge-base.sh

@@ -97,4 +97,63 @@ test_expect_success 'diff --merge-base with three commits' '
 	test_i18ngrep "usage" err
 '
 
+for cmd in diff-index diff
+do
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --merge-base with one commit" '
+		git checkout master &&
+		git $cmd commit-C >expect &&
+		git $cmd --merge-base br2 >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --merge-base with one commit and unstaged changes" '
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_when_finished git reset --hard &&
+		echo unstaged >>c &&
+		git $cmd commit-C >expect &&
+		git $cmd --merge-base br2 >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --merge-base with one commit and staged and unstaged changes" '
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_when_finished git reset --hard &&
+		echo staged >>c &&
+		git add c &&
+		echo unstaged >>c &&
+		git $cmd commit-C >expect &&
+		git $cmd --merge-base br2 >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --merge-base --cached with one commit and staged and unstaged changes" '
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_when_finished git reset --hard &&
+		echo staged >>c &&
+		git add c &&
+		echo unstaged >>c &&
+		git $cmd --cached commit-C >expect &&
+		git $cmd --cached --merge-base br2 >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --merge-base with non-commit" '
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_must_fail git $cmd --merge-base master^{tree} 2>err &&
+		test_i18ngrep "fatal: --merge-base only works with commits" err
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --merge-base with no merge bases and one commit" '
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_must_fail git $cmd --merge-base br3 2>err &&
+		test_i18ngrep "fatal: no merge base found" err
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --merge-base with multiple merge bases and one commit" '
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_must_fail git $cmd --merge-base br1 2>err &&
+		test_i18ngrep "fatal: multiple merge bases found" err
+	'
+done
+
 test_done