Merge branch 'tl/ls-tree-oid-only'

"git ls-tree" learns "--oid-only" option, similar to "--name-only",
and more generalized "--format" option.

* tl/ls-tree-oid-only:
  ls-tree: split up "fast path" callbacks
  ls-tree: detect and error on --name-only --name-status
  ls-tree: support --object-only option for "git-ls-tree"
  ls-tree: introduce "--format" option
  cocci: allow padding with `strbuf_addf()`
  ls-tree: introduce struct "show_tree_data"
  ls-tree: slightly refactor `show_tree()`
  ls-tree: fix "--name-only" and "--long" combined use bug
  ls-tree: simplify nesting if/else logic in "show_tree()"
  ls-tree: rename "retval" to "recurse" in "show_tree()"
  ls-tree: use "size_t", not "int" for "struct strbuf"'s "len"
  ls-tree: use "enum object_type", not {blob,tree,commit}_type
  ls-tree: add missing braces to "else" arms
  ls-tree: remove commented-out code
  ls-tree tests: add tests for --name-status

Documentation/git-ls-tree.txt

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git ls-tree' [-d] [-r] [-t] [-l] [-z]
-	    [--name-only] [--name-status] [--full-name] [--full-tree] [--abbrev[=<n>]]
+	    [--name-only] [--name-status] [--object-only] [--full-name] [--full-tree] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--format=<format>]
 	    <tree-ish> [<path>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -59,6 +59,15 @@ OPTIONS
 --name-only::
 --name-status::
 	List only filenames (instead of the "long" output), one per line.
+	Cannot be combined with `--object-only`.
+
+--object-only::
+	List only names of the objects, one per line. Cannot be combined
+	with `--name-only` or `--name-status`.
+	This is equivalent to specifying `--format='%(objectname)'`, but
+	for both this option and that exact format the command takes a
+	hand-optimized codepath instead of going through the generic
+	formatting mechanism.
 
 --abbrev[=<n>]::
 	Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
@@ -74,6 +83,16 @@ OPTIONS
 	Do not limit the listing to the current working directory.
 	Implies --full-name.
 
+--format=<format>::
+	A string that interpolates `%(fieldname)` from the result
+	being shown. It also interpolates `%%` to `%`, and
+	`%xx` where `xx` are hex digits interpolates to character
+	with hex code `xx`; for example `%00` interpolates to
+	`\0` (NUL), `%09` to `\t` (TAB) and `%0a` to `\n` (LF).
+	When specified, `--format` cannot be combined with other
+	format-altering options, including `--long`, `--name-only`
+	and `--object-only`.
+
 [<path>...]::
 	When paths are given, show them (note that this isn't really raw
 	pathnames, but rather a list of patterns to match).  Otherwise
@@ -82,16 +101,29 @@ OPTIONS
 
 Output Format
 -------------
-        <mode> SP <type> SP <object> TAB <file>
+
+The output format of `ls-tree` is determined by either the `--format`
+option, or other format-altering options such as `--name-only` etc.
+(see `--format` above).
+
+The use of certain `--format` directives is equivalent to using those
+options, but invoking the full formatting machinery can be slower than
+using an appropriate formatting option.
+
+In cases where the `--format` would exactly map to an existing option
+`ls-tree` will use the appropriate faster path. Thus the default format
+is equivalent to:
+
+	%(objectmode) %(objecttype) %(objectname)%x09%(path)
 
 This output format is compatible with what `--index-info --stdin` of
 'git update-index' expects.
 
 When the `-l` option is used, format changes to
 
-        <mode> SP <type> SP <object> SP <object size> TAB <file>
+	%(objectmode) %(objecttype) %(objectname) %(objectsize:padded)%x09%(path)
 
-Object size identified by <object> is given in bytes, and right-justified
+Object size identified by <objectname> is given in bytes, and right-justified
 with minimum width of 7 characters.  Object size is given only for blobs
 (file) entries; for other entries `-` character is used in place of size.
 
@@ -100,6 +132,34 @@ quoted as explained for the configuration variable `core.quotePath`
 (see linkgit:git-config[1]).  Using `-z` the filename is output
 verbatim and the line is terminated by a NUL byte.
 
+Customized format:
+
+It is possible to print in a custom format by using the `--format` option,
+which is able to interpolate different fields using a `%(fieldname)` notation.
+For example, if you only care about the "objectname" and "path" fields, you
+can execute with a specific "--format" like
+
+	git ls-tree --format='%(objectname) %(path)' <tree-ish>
+
+FIELD NAMES
+-----------
+
+Various values from structured fields can be used to interpolate
+into the resulting output. For each outputing line, the following
+names can be used:
+
+objectmode::
+	The mode of the object.
+objecttype::
+	The type of the object (`blob` or `tree`).
+objectname::
+	The name of the object.
+objectsize[:padded]::
+	The size of the object ("-" if it's a tree).
+	It also supports a padded format of size with "%(size:padded)".
+path::
+	The pathname of the object.
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite

builtin/ls-tree.c

@@ -16,22 +16,102 @@
 
 static int line_termination = '\n';
 #define LS_RECURSIVE 1
-#define LS_TREE_ONLY 2
+#define LS_TREE_ONLY (1 << 1)
-#define LS_SHOW_TREES 4
+#define LS_SHOW_TREES (1 << 2)
-#define LS_NAME_ONLY 8
-#define LS_SHOW_SIZE 16
 static int abbrev;
 static int ls_options;
 static struct pathspec pathspec;
 static int chomp_prefix;
 static const char *ls_tree_prefix;
+static const char *format;
+struct show_tree_data {
+	unsigned mode;
+	enum object_type type;
+	const struct object_id *oid;
+	const char *pathname;
+	struct strbuf *base;
+};
 
 static const  char * const ls_tree_usage[] = {
 	N_("git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
-static int show_recursive(const char *base, int baselen, const char *pathname)
+static enum ls_tree_cmdmode {
+	MODE_DEFAULT = 0,
+	MODE_LONG,
+	MODE_NAME_ONLY,
+	MODE_NAME_STATUS,
+	MODE_OBJECT_ONLY,
+} cmdmode;
+
+static void expand_objectsize(struct strbuf *line, const struct object_id *oid,
+			      const enum object_type type, unsigned int padded)
+{
+	if (type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+		unsigned long size;
+		if (oid_object_info(the_repository, oid, &size) < 0)
+			die(_("could not get object info about '%s'"),
+			    oid_to_hex(oid));
+		if (padded)
+			strbuf_addf(line, "%7"PRIuMAX, (uintmax_t)size);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(line, "%"PRIuMAX, (uintmax_t)size);
+	} else if (padded) {
+		strbuf_addf(line, "%7s", "-");
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addstr(line, "-");
+	}
+}
+
+static size_t expand_show_tree(struct strbuf *sb, const char *start,
+			       void *context)
+{
+	struct show_tree_data *data = context;
+	const char *end;
+	const char *p;
+	unsigned int errlen;
+	size_t len = strbuf_expand_literal_cb(sb, start, NULL);
+
+	if (len)
+		return len;
+	if (*start != '(')
+		die(_("bad ls-tree format: element '%s' does not start with '('"), start);
+
+	end = strchr(start + 1, ')');
+	if (!end)
+		die(_("bad ls-tree format: element '%s' does not end in ')'"), start);
+
+	len = end - start + 1;
+	if (skip_prefix(start, "(objectmode)", &p)) {
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "%06o", data->mode);
+	} else if (skip_prefix(start, "(objecttype)", &p)) {
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, type_name(data->type));
+	} else if (skip_prefix(start, "(objectsize:padded)", &p)) {
+		expand_objectsize(sb, data->oid, data->type, 1);
+	} else if (skip_prefix(start, "(objectsize)", &p)) {
+		expand_objectsize(sb, data->oid, data->type, 0);
+	} else if (skip_prefix(start, "(objectname)", &p)) {
+		strbuf_add_unique_abbrev(sb, data->oid, abbrev);
+	} else if (skip_prefix(start, "(path)", &p)) {
+		const char *name = data->base->buf;
+		const char *prefix = chomp_prefix ? ls_tree_prefix : NULL;
+		struct strbuf quoted = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf sbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addstr(data->base, data->pathname);
+		name = relative_path(data->base->buf, prefix, &sbuf);
+		quote_c_style(name, &quoted, NULL, 0);
+		strbuf_addbuf(sb, &quoted);
+		strbuf_release(&sbuf);
+		strbuf_release(&quoted);
+	} else {
+		errlen = (unsigned long)len;
+		die(_("bad ls-tree format: %%%.*s"), errlen, start);
+	}
+	return len;
+}
+
+static int show_recursive(const char *base, size_t baselen, const char *pathname)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -43,7 +123,7 @@ static int show_recursive(const char *base, int baselen, const char *pathname)
 
 	for (i = 0; i < pathspec.nr; i++) {
 		const char *spec = pathspec.items[i].match;
-		int len, speclen;
+		size_t len, speclen;
 
 		if (strncmp(base, spec, baselen))
 			continue;
@@ -61,69 +141,197 @@ static int show_recursive(const char *base, int baselen, const char *pathname)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int show_tree(const struct object_id *oid, struct strbuf *base,
+static int show_tree_fmt(const struct object_id *oid, struct strbuf *base,
 			 const char *pathname, unsigned mode, void *context)
 {
-	int retval = 0;
+	size_t baselen;
-	int baselen;
+	int recurse = 0;
-	const char *type = blob_type;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	enum object_type type = object_type(mode);
 
-	if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
+	struct show_tree_data data = {
-		/*
+		.mode = mode,
-		 * Maybe we want to have some recursive version here?
+		.type = type,
-		 *
+		.oid = oid,
-		 * Something similar to this incomplete example:
+		.pathname = pathname,
-		 *
+		.base = base,
-		if (show_subprojects(base, baselen, pathname))
+	};
-			retval = READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
+
-		 *
+	if (type == OBJ_TREE && show_recursive(base->buf, base->len, pathname))
-		 */
+		recurse = READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
-		type = commit_type;
+	if (type == OBJ_TREE && recurse && !(ls_options & LS_SHOW_TREES))
-	} else if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
+		return recurse;
-		if (show_recursive(base->buf, base->len, pathname)) {
+	if (type == OBJ_BLOB && (ls_options & LS_TREE_ONLY))
-			retval = READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
-			if (!(ls_options & LS_SHOW_TREES))
-				return retval;
-		}
-		type = tree_type;
-	}
-	else if (ls_options & LS_TREE_ONLY)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!(ls_options & LS_NAME_ONLY)) {
+	baselen = base->len;
-		if (ls_options & LS_SHOW_SIZE) {
+	strbuf_expand(&sb, format, expand_show_tree, &data);
+	strbuf_addch(&sb, line_termination);
+	fwrite(sb.buf, sb.len, 1, stdout);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	strbuf_setlen(base, baselen);
+	return recurse;
+}
+
+static int show_tree_common(struct show_tree_data *data, int *recurse,
+			    const struct object_id *oid, struct strbuf *base,
+			    const char *pathname, unsigned mode)
+{
+	enum object_type type = object_type(mode);
+	int ret = -1;
+
+	*recurse = 0;
+	data->mode = mode;
+	data->type = type;
+	data->oid = oid;
+	data->pathname = pathname;
+	data->base = base;
+
+	if (type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+		if (ls_options & LS_TREE_ONLY)
+			ret = 0;
+	} else if (type == OBJ_TREE &&
+		   show_recursive(base->buf, base->len, pathname)) {
+		*recurse = READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
+		if (!(ls_options & LS_SHOW_TREES))
+			ret = *recurse;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void show_tree_common_default_long(struct strbuf *base,
+					  const char *pathname,
+					  const size_t baselen)
+{
+	strbuf_addstr(base, pathname);
+	write_name_quoted_relative(base->buf,
+				   chomp_prefix ? ls_tree_prefix : NULL, stdout,
+				   line_termination);
+	strbuf_setlen(base, baselen);
+}
+
+static int show_tree_default(const struct object_id *oid, struct strbuf *base,
+			     const char *pathname, unsigned mode,
+			     void *context)
+{
+	int early;
+	int recurse;
+	struct show_tree_data data = { 0 };
+
+	early = show_tree_common(&data, &recurse, oid, base, pathname, mode);
+	if (early >= 0)
+		return early;
+
+	printf("%06o %s %s\t", data.mode, type_name(data.type),
+	       find_unique_abbrev(data.oid, abbrev));
+	show_tree_common_default_long(base, pathname, data.base->len);
+	return recurse;
+}
+
+static int show_tree_long(const struct object_id *oid, struct strbuf *base,
+			  const char *pathname, unsigned mode, void *context)
+{
+	int early;
+	int recurse;
+	struct show_tree_data data = { 0 };
 	char size_text[24];
-			if (!strcmp(type, blob_type)) {
+
+	early = show_tree_common(&data, &recurse, oid, base, pathname, mode);
+	if (early >= 0)
+		return early;
+
+	if (data.type == OBJ_BLOB) {
 		unsigned long size;
-				if (oid_object_info(the_repository, oid, &size) == OBJ_BAD)
+		if (oid_object_info(the_repository, data.oid, &size) == OBJ_BAD)
-					xsnprintf(size_text, sizeof(size_text),
+			xsnprintf(size_text, sizeof(size_text), "BAD");
-						  "BAD");
 		else
 			xsnprintf(size_text, sizeof(size_text),
 				  "%" PRIuMAX, (uintmax_t)size);
-			} else
+	} else {
 		xsnprintf(size_text, sizeof(size_text), "-");
-			printf("%06o %s %s %7s\t", mode, type,
-			       find_unique_abbrev(oid, abbrev),
-			       size_text);
-		} else
-			printf("%06o %s %s\t", mode, type,
-			       find_unique_abbrev(oid, abbrev));
 	}
-	baselen = base->len;
+
+	printf("%06o %s %s %7s\t", data.mode, type_name(data.type),
+	       find_unique_abbrev(data.oid, abbrev), size_text);
+	show_tree_common_default_long(base, pathname, data.base->len);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int show_tree_name_only(const struct object_id *oid, struct strbuf *base,
+			       const char *pathname, unsigned mode, void *context)
+{
+	int early;
+	int recurse;
+	const size_t baselen = base->len;
+	struct show_tree_data data = { 0 };
+
+	early = show_tree_common(&data, &recurse, oid, base, pathname, mode);
+	if (early >= 0)
+		return early;
+
 	strbuf_addstr(base, pathname);
 	write_name_quoted_relative(base->buf,
 				   chomp_prefix ? ls_tree_prefix : NULL,
 				   stdout, line_termination);
 	strbuf_setlen(base, baselen);
-	return retval;
+	return recurse;
 }
 
+static int show_tree_object(const struct object_id *oid, struct strbuf *base,
+			    const char *pathname, unsigned mode, void *context)
+{
+	int early;
+	int recurse;
+	struct show_tree_data data = { 0 };
+
+	early = show_tree_common(&data, &recurse, oid, base, pathname, mode);
+	if (early >= 0)
+		return early;
+
+	printf("%s%c", find_unique_abbrev(oid, abbrev), line_termination);
+	return recurse;
+}
+
+struct ls_tree_cmdmode_to_fmt {
+	enum ls_tree_cmdmode mode;
+	const char *const fmt;
+	read_tree_fn_t fn;
+};
+
+static struct ls_tree_cmdmode_to_fmt ls_tree_cmdmode_format[] = {
+	{
+		.mode = MODE_DEFAULT,
+		.fmt = "%(objectmode) %(objecttype) %(objectname)%x09%(path)",
+		.fn = show_tree_default,
+	},
+	{
+		.mode = MODE_LONG,
+		.fmt = "%(objectmode) %(objecttype) %(objectname) %(objectsize:padded)%x09%(path)",
+		.fn = show_tree_long,
+	},
+	{
+		.mode = MODE_NAME_ONLY, /* And MODE_NAME_STATUS */
+		.fmt = "%(path)",
+		.fn = show_tree_name_only,
+	},
+	{
+		.mode = MODE_OBJECT_ONLY,
+		.fmt = "%(objectname)",
+		.fn = show_tree_object
+	},
+	{
+		/* fallback */
+		.fn = show_tree_default,
+	},
+};
+
 int cmd_ls_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct object_id oid;
 	struct tree *tree;
 	int i, full_tree = 0;
+	read_tree_fn_t fn = NULL;
 	const struct option ls_tree_options[] = {
 		OPT_BIT('d', NULL, &ls_options, N_("only show trees"),
 			LS_TREE_ONLY),
@@ -133,20 +341,26 @@ int cmd_ls_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			LS_SHOW_TREES),
 		OPT_SET_INT('z', NULL, &line_termination,
 			    N_("terminate entries with NUL byte"), 0),
-		OPT_BIT('l', "long", &ls_options, N_("include object size"),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('l', "long", &cmdmode, N_("include object size"),
-			LS_SHOW_SIZE),
+			    MODE_LONG),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "name-only", &ls_options, N_("list only filenames"),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "name-only", &cmdmode, N_("list only filenames"),
-			LS_NAME_ONLY),
+			    MODE_NAME_ONLY),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "name-status", &ls_options, N_("list only filenames"),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "name-status", &cmdmode, N_("list only filenames"),
-			LS_NAME_ONLY),
+			    MODE_NAME_STATUS),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "object-only", &cmdmode, N_("list only objects"),
+			    MODE_OBJECT_ONLY),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "full-name", &chomp_prefix,
 			    N_("use full path names"), 0),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
 			 N_("list entire tree; not just current directory "
 			    "(implies --full-name)")),
+		OPT_STRING_F(0, "format", &format, N_("format"),
+					 N_("format to use for the output"),
+					 PARSE_OPT_NONEG),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
+	struct ls_tree_cmdmode_to_fmt *m2f = ls_tree_cmdmode_format;
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	ls_tree_prefix = prefix;
@@ -159,11 +373,23 @@ int cmd_ls_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		ls_tree_prefix = prefix = NULL;
 		chomp_prefix = 0;
 	}
+	/*
+	 * We wanted to detect conflicts between --name-only and
+	 * --name-status, but once we're done with that subsequent
+	 * code should only need to check the primary name.
+	 */
+	if (cmdmode == MODE_NAME_STATUS)
+		cmdmode = MODE_NAME_ONLY;
+
 	/* -d -r should imply -t, but -d by itself should not have to. */
 	if ( (LS_TREE_ONLY|LS_RECURSIVE) ==
 	    ((LS_TREE_ONLY|LS_RECURSIVE) & ls_options))
 		ls_options |= LS_SHOW_TREES;
 
+	if (format && cmdmode)
+		usage_msg_opt(
+			_("--format can't be combined with other format-altering options"),
+			ls_tree_usage, ls_tree_options);
 	if (argc < 1)
 		usage_with_options(ls_tree_usage, ls_tree_options);
 	if (get_oid(argv[0], &oid))
@@ -185,6 +411,24 @@ int cmd_ls_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	tree = parse_tree_indirect(&oid);
 	if (!tree)
 		die("not a tree object");
-	return !!read_tree(the_repository, tree,
+	/*
-			   &pathspec, show_tree, NULL);
+	 * The generic show_tree_fmt() is slower than show_tree(), so
+	 * take the fast path if possible.
+	 */
+	while (m2f) {
+		if (!m2f->fmt) {
+			fn = format ? show_tree_fmt : show_tree_default;
+		} else if (format && !strcmp(format, m2f->fmt)) {
+			cmdmode = m2f->mode;
+			fn = m2f->fn;
+		} else if (!format && cmdmode == m2f->mode) {
+			fn = m2f->fn;
+		} else {
+			m2f++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return !!read_tree(the_repository, tree, &pathspec, fn, NULL);
 }

contrib/coccinelle/strbuf.cocci

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ constant fmt !~ "%";
 @@
 expression E;
 struct strbuf SB;
-format F =~ "s";
+format F =~ "^s$";
 @@
 - strbuf_addf(E, "%@F@", SB.buf);
 + strbuf_addbuf(E, &SB);
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ format F =~ "s";
 @@
 expression E;
 struct strbuf *SBP;
-format F =~ "s";
+format F =~ "^s$";
 @@
 - strbuf_addf(E, "%@F@", SBP->buf);
 + strbuf_addbuf(E, SBP);
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ struct strbuf *SBP;
 
 @@
 expression E1, E2;
-format F =~ "s";
+format F =~ "^s$";
 @@
 - strbuf_addf(E1, "%@F@", E2);
 + strbuf_addstr(E1, E2);

t/t3101-ls-tree-dirname.sh

@@ -201,9 +201,11 @@ EOF
 	test_cmp expected check
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ls-tree --name-only' '
+for opt in --name-only --name-status
-	git ls-tree --name-only $tree >current &&
+do
-	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success "ls-tree $opt" '
+		git ls-tree $opt $tree >current &&
+		cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
 		1.txt
 		2.txt
 		path0
@@ -214,9 +216,9 @@ EOF
 		test_output
 	'
 
-test_expect_success 'ls-tree --name-only -r' '
+	test_expect_success "ls-tree $opt -r" '
-	git ls-tree --name-only -r $tree >current &&
+		git ls-tree $opt -r $tree >current &&
-	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+		cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
 		1.txt
 		2.txt
 		path0/a/b/c/1.txt
@@ -227,5 +229,6 @@ path3/2.txt
 		EOF
 		test_output
 	'
+done
 
 test_done

t/t3103-ls-tree-misc.sh

@@ -23,4 +23,19 @@ test_expect_success 'ls-tree fails with non-zero exit code on broken tree' '
 	test_must_fail git ls-tree -r HEAD
 '
 
+for opts in \
+	"--long --name-only" \
+	"--name-only --name-status" \
+	"--name-status --object-only" \
+	"--object-only --long"
+do
+	test_expect_success "usage: incompatible options: $opts" '
+		test_expect_code 129 git ls-tree $opts $tree
+	'
+
+	one_opt=$(echo "$opts" | cut -d' '  -f1)
+	test_expect_success "usage: incompatible options: $one_opt and --format" '
+		test_expect_code 129 git ls-tree $one_opt --format=fmt $tree
+	'
+done
 test_done

t/t3104-ls-tree-format.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='ls-tree --format'
+
+TEST_PASSES_SANITIZE_LEAK=true
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-tree --format usage' '
+	test_expect_code 129 git ls-tree --format=fmt -l HEAD &&
+	test_expect_code 129 git ls-tree --format=fmt --name-only HEAD &&
+	test_expect_code 129 git ls-tree --format=fmt --name-status HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir dir &&
+	test_commit dir/sub-file &&
+	test_commit top-file
+'
+
+test_ls_tree_format () {
+	format=$1 &&
+	opts=$2 &&
+	fmtopts=$3 &&
+	shift 2 &&
+
+	test_expect_success "ls-tree '--format=<$format>' is like options '$opts $fmtopts'" '
+		git ls-tree $opts -r HEAD >expect &&
+		git ls-tree --format="$format" -r $fmtopts HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "ls-tree '--format=<$format>' on optimized v.s. non-optimized path" '
+		git ls-tree --format="$format" -r $fmtopts HEAD >expect &&
+		git ls-tree --format="> $format" -r $fmtopts HEAD >actual.raw &&
+		sed "s/^> //" >actual <actual.raw &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+}
+
+test_ls_tree_format \
+	"%(objectmode) %(objecttype) %(objectname)%x09%(path)" \
+	""
+
+test_ls_tree_format \
+	"%(objectmode) %(objecttype) %(objectname) %(objectsize:padded)%x09%(path)" \
+	"--long"
+
+test_ls_tree_format \
+	"%(path)" \
+	"--name-only"
+
+test_ls_tree_format \
+	"%(objectname)" \
+	"--object-only"
+
+test_ls_tree_format \
+	"%(objectname)" \
+	"--object-only --abbrev" \
+	"--abbrev"
+
+test_ls_tree_format \
+	"%(objectmode) %(objecttype) %(objectname)%x09%(path)" \
+	"-t" \
+	"-t"
+
+test_ls_tree_format \
+	"%(objectmode) %(objecttype) %(objectname)%x09%(path)" \
+	"--full-name" \
+	"--full-name"
+
+test_ls_tree_format \
+	"%(objectmode) %(objecttype) %(objectname)%x09%(path)" \
+	"--full-tree" \
+	"--full-tree"
+
+test_done