diff --git a/t/lib-t3100.sh b/t/lib-t3100.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eabb5fd803
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-t3100.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+setup_basic_ls_tree_data () {
+	mkdir dir &&
+	test_commit dir/sub-file &&
+	test_commit top-file &&
+	git clone . submodule &&
+	git submodule add ./submodule &&
+	git commit -m"add submodule"
+}
diff --git a/t/t3104-ls-tree-format.sh b/t/t3104-ls-tree-format.sh
index 0769a933d6..383896667b 100755
--- a/t/t3104-ls-tree-format.sh
+++ b/t/t3104-ls-tree-format.sh
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ test_description='ls-tree --format'
 
 TEST_PASSES_SANITIZE_LEAK=true
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-t3100.sh
 
 test_expect_success 'ls-tree --format usage' '
 	test_expect_code 129 git ls-tree --format=fmt -l HEAD &&
@@ -12,9 +13,7 @@ test_expect_success 'ls-tree --format usage' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-	mkdir dir &&
-	test_commit dir/sub-file &&
-	test_commit top-file
+	setup_basic_ls_tree_data
 '
 
 test_ls_tree_format () {
diff --git a/t/t3105-ls-tree-output.sh b/t/t3105-ls-tree-output.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..ce2391e28b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3105-ls-tree-output.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='ls-tree output'
+
+TEST_PASSES_SANITIZE_LEAK=true
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-t3100.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-tree --format usage' '
+	test_expect_code 129 git ls-tree --format=fmt -l HEAD &&
+	test_expect_code 129 git ls-tree --format=fmt --name-only HEAD &&
+	test_expect_code 129 git ls-tree --format=fmt --name-status HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	setup_basic_ls_tree_data
+'
+
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output () {
+	local opts="$1" &&
+	shift &&
+	cat >expect &&
+
+	while test $# -gt 0
+	do
+		local mode="$1" &&
+		shift &&
+
+		test_expect_success "'ls-tree $opts${mode:+ $mode}' output" '
+			git ls-tree ${mode:+$mode }$opts HEAD >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual
+		'
+
+		case "$opts" in
+		--full-tree)
+			test_expect_success "'ls-tree $opts${mode:+ $mode}' output (via subdir, fails)" '
+				test_must_fail git -C dir ls-tree --full-name ${mode:+$mode }$opts HEAD -- ../
+			'
+			;;
+		*)
+			test_expect_success "'ls-tree $opts${mode:+ $mode}' output (via subdir)" '
+				git -C dir ls-tree --full-name ${mode:+$mode }$opts HEAD -- ../ >actual &&
+				test_cmp expect actual
+			'
+			;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
+# test exact output of option (none, --long, ...) and mode (none and
+# -d, -r -t) and combinations
+test_expect_success 'setup: HEAD_* variables' '
+	HEAD_gitmodules=$(git rev-parse HEAD:.gitmodules) &&
+	HEAD_dir=$(git rev-parse HEAD:dir) &&
+	HEAD_top_file=$(git rev-parse HEAD:top-file.t) &&
+	HEAD_submodule=$(git rev-parse HEAD:submodule) &&
+	HEAD_dir_sub_file=$(git rev-parse HEAD:dir/sub-file.t)
+'
+## opt =
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "" "" "-t" <<-EOF
+	100644 blob $HEAD_gitmodules	.gitmodules
+	040000 tree $HEAD_dir	dir
+	160000 commit $HEAD_submodule	submodule
+	100644 blob $HEAD_top_file	top-file.t
+	EOF
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "" "-d" <<-EOF
+	040000 tree $HEAD_dir	dir
+	160000 commit $HEAD_submodule	submodule
+	EOF
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "" "-r" <<-EOF
+	100644 blob $HEAD_gitmodules	.gitmodules
+	100644 blob $HEAD_dir_sub_file	dir/sub-file.t
+	160000 commit $HEAD_submodule	submodule
+	100644 blob $HEAD_top_file	top-file.t
+	EOF
+## opt = --long
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "--long" "" "-t" <<-EOF
+	100644 blob $HEAD_gitmodules      61	.gitmodules
+	040000 tree $HEAD_dir       -	dir
+	160000 commit $HEAD_submodule       -	submodule
+	100644 blob $HEAD_top_file       9	top-file.t
+	EOF
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "--long" "-d" <<-EOF
+	040000 tree $HEAD_dir       -	dir
+	160000 commit $HEAD_submodule       -	submodule
+	EOF
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "--long" "-r" <<-EOF
+	100644 blob $HEAD_gitmodules      61	.gitmodules
+	100644 blob $HEAD_dir_sub_file      13	dir/sub-file.t
+	160000 commit $HEAD_submodule       -	submodule
+	100644 blob $HEAD_top_file       9	top-file.t
+	EOF
+## opt = --name-only
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "--name-only" "" "-t" <<-EOF
+	.gitmodules
+	dir
+	submodule
+	top-file.t
+	EOF
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "--name-only" "-d" <<-EOF
+	dir
+	submodule
+	EOF
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "--name-only" "-r" <<-EOF
+	.gitmodules
+	dir/sub-file.t
+	submodule
+	top-file.t
+	EOF
+## opt = --object-only
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "--object-only" "" "-t" <<-EOF
+	$HEAD_gitmodules
+	$HEAD_dir
+	$HEAD_submodule
+	$HEAD_top_file
+	EOF
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "--object-only" "-d" <<-EOF
+	$HEAD_dir
+	$HEAD_submodule
+	EOF
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "--object-only" "-r" <<-EOF
+	$HEAD_gitmodules
+	$HEAD_dir_sub_file
+	$HEAD_submodule
+	$HEAD_top_file
+	EOF
+## opt = --object-only --abbrev
+test_expect_success 'setup: HEAD_short_* variables' '
+	HEAD_short_gitmodules=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD:.gitmodules) &&
+	HEAD_short_dir=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD:dir) &&
+	HEAD_short_top_file=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD:top-file.t) &&
+	HEAD_short_submodule=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD:submodule) &&
+	HEAD_short_dir_sub_file=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD:dir/sub-file.t)
+'
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "--object-only --abbrev" "" "-t" <<-EOF
+	$HEAD_short_gitmodules
+	$HEAD_short_dir
+	$HEAD_short_submodule
+	$HEAD_short_top_file
+	EOF
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "--object-only --abbrev" "-d" <<-EOF
+	$HEAD_short_dir
+	$HEAD_short_submodule
+	EOF
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "--object-only --abbrev" "-r" <<-EOF
+	$HEAD_short_gitmodules
+	$HEAD_short_dir_sub_file
+	$HEAD_short_submodule
+	$HEAD_short_top_file
+	EOF
+## opt = --full-name
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "--full-name" "" <<-EOF
+	100644 blob $HEAD_gitmodules	.gitmodules
+	040000 tree $HEAD_dir	dir
+	160000 commit $HEAD_submodule	submodule
+	100644 blob $HEAD_top_file	top-file.t
+	EOF
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "--full-name" "-d" <<-EOF
+	040000 tree $HEAD_dir	dir
+	160000 commit $HEAD_submodule	submodule
+	EOF
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "--full-name" "-r" <<-EOF
+	100644 blob $HEAD_gitmodules	.gitmodules
+	100644 blob $HEAD_dir_sub_file	dir/sub-file.t
+	160000 commit $HEAD_submodule	submodule
+	100644 blob $HEAD_top_file	top-file.t
+	EOF
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "--full-name" "-t" <<-EOF
+	100644 blob $HEAD_gitmodules	.gitmodules
+	040000 tree $HEAD_dir	dir
+	160000 commit $HEAD_submodule	submodule
+	100644 blob $HEAD_top_file	top-file.t
+	EOF
+## opt = --full-tree
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "--full-tree" "" "-t" <<-EOF
+	100644 blob $HEAD_gitmodules	.gitmodules
+	040000 tree $HEAD_dir	dir
+	160000 commit $HEAD_submodule	submodule
+	100644 blob $HEAD_top_file	top-file.t
+	EOF
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "--full-tree" "-d" <<-EOF
+	040000 tree $HEAD_dir	dir
+	160000 commit $HEAD_submodule	submodule
+	EOF
+test_ls_tree_format_mode_output "--full-tree" "-r" <<-EOF
+	100644 blob $HEAD_gitmodules	.gitmodules
+	100644 blob $HEAD_dir_sub_file	dir/sub-file.t
+	160000 commit $HEAD_submodule	submodule
+	100644 blob $HEAD_top_file	top-file.t
+	EOF
+
+test_done