diff --git a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
index 4c357daf6a..0f7d274eab 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git-daemon' [--verbose] [--syslog] [--inetd | --port=n] [--export-all]
              [--timeout=n] [--init-timeout=n] [--strict-paths]
              [--base-path=path] [--user-path | --user-path=path]
-	     [directory...]
+	     [--reuseaddr] [--detach] [--pid-file=file] [directory...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -82,6 +82,17 @@ OPTIONS
 --verbose::
 	Log details about the incoming connections and requested files.
 
+--reuseaddr::
+	Use SO_REUSEADDR when binding the listening socket.
+	This allows the server to restart without waiting for
+	old connections to time out.
+
+--detach::
+	Detach from the shell. Implies --syslog.
+
+--pid-file=file::
+	Save the process id in 'file'.
+
 <directory>::
 	A directory to add to the whitelist of allowed directories. Unless
 	--strict-paths is specified this will also include subdirectories
diff --git a/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt b/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
index bc1a132891..3d508094af 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-http-fetch - downloads a remote git repository via HTTP
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-'git-http-fetch' [-c] [-t] [-a] [-d] [-v] [-w filename] [--recover] <commit> <url>
+'git-http-fetch' [-c] [-t] [-a] [-d] [-v] [-w filename] [--recover] [--stdin] <commit> <url>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -33,6 +33,12 @@ commit-id::
         Writes the commit-id into the filename under $GIT_DIR/refs/<filename> on
         the local end after the transfer is complete.
 
+--stdin::
+	Instead of a commit id on the commandline (which is not expected in this
+	case), 'git-http-fetch' expects lines on stdin in the format
+
+		<commit-id>['\t'<filename-as-in--w>]
+
 Author
 ------
 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
diff --git a/Documentation/git-local-fetch.txt b/Documentation/git-local-fetch.txt
index 87abec1c4e..2fbdfe086a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-local-fetch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-local-fetch.txt
@@ -29,6 +29,12 @@ OPTIONS
         Writes the commit-id into the filename under $GIT_DIR/refs/<filename> on
         the local end after the transfer is complete.
 
+--stdin::
+	Instead of a commit id on the commandline (which is not expected in this
+	case), 'git-local-fetch' expects lines on stdin in the format
+
+		<commit-id>['\t'<filename-as-in--w>]
+
 Author
 ------
 Written by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt
index ce3058182f..7310a2b8b8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ git - the stupid content tracker
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
+'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] [-p|--paginate]
+	[--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -41,6 +42,15 @@ OPTIONS
 	environment variable. If no path is given 'git' will print
 	the current setting and then exit.
 
+-p|--paginate::
+	Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER).
+
+--git-dir=<path>::
+	Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
+	setting the GIT_DIR environment variable.
+
+--bare::
+	Same as --git-dir=`pwd`.
 
 FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
 ---------------------
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 73733e9025..6ecf9ddee2 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -615,6 +615,8 @@ $(SIMPLE_PROGRAMS) : git-%$X : %.o
 	$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) \
 		$(LIB_FILE) $(SIMPLE_LIB)
 
+ssh-pull.o: ssh-fetch.c
+ssh-push.o: ssh-upload.c
 git-local-fetch$X: fetch.o
 git-ssh-fetch$X: rsh.o fetch.o
 git-ssh-upload$X: rsh.o
diff --git a/blame.c b/blame.c
index b04b8f58aa..76712b5962 100644
--- a/blame.c
+++ b/blame.c
@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	}
 
 
-	init_revisions(&rev);
+	init_revisions(&rev, setup_git_directory());
 	rev.remove_empty_trees = 1;
 	rev.topo_order = 1;
 	rev.prune_fn = simplify_commit;
diff --git a/builtin-add.c b/builtin-add.c
index 72d2853176..f548b8007d 100644
--- a/builtin-add.c
+++ b/builtin-add.c
@@ -84,11 +84,10 @@ static void fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec)
 
 static struct lock_file lock_file;
 
-int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i, newfd;
 	int verbose = 0, show_only = 0;
-	const char *prefix = setup_git_directory();
 	const char **pathspec;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
 
diff --git a/builtin-apply.c b/builtin-apply.c
index d924ac3d0a..f8c6763c74 100644
--- a/builtin-apply.c
+++ b/builtin-apply.c
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ struct fragment {
 struct patch {
 	char *new_name, *old_name, *def_name;
 	unsigned int old_mode, new_mode;
-	int is_rename, is_copy, is_new, is_delete, is_binary;
+	int is_rename, is_copy, is_new, is_delete, is_binary, is_reverse;
 #define BINARY_DELTA_DEFLATED 1
 #define BINARY_LITERAL_DEFLATED 2
 	unsigned long deflate_origlen;
@@ -1119,6 +1119,34 @@ static int parse_chunk(char *buffer, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
 	return offset + hdrsize + patchsize;
 }
 
+#define swap(a,b) myswap((a),(b),sizeof(a))
+
+#define myswap(a, b, size) do {		\
+	unsigned char mytmp[size];	\
+	memcpy(mytmp, &a, size);		\
+	memcpy(&a, &b, size);		\
+	memcpy(&b, mytmp, size);		\
+} while (0)
+
+static void reverse_patches(struct patch *p)
+{
+	for (; p; p = p->next) {
+		struct fragment *frag = p->fragments;
+
+		swap(p->new_name, p->old_name);
+		swap(p->new_mode, p->old_mode);
+		swap(p->is_new, p->is_delete);
+		swap(p->lines_added, p->lines_deleted);
+		swap(p->old_sha1_prefix, p->new_sha1_prefix);
+
+		for (; frag; frag = frag->next) {
+			swap(frag->newpos, frag->oldpos);
+			swap(frag->newlines, frag->oldlines);
+		}
+		p->is_reverse = !p->is_reverse;
+	}
+}
+
 static const char pluses[] = "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++";
 static const char minuses[]= "----------------------------------------------------------------------";
 
@@ -1336,7 +1364,7 @@ static int apply_line(char *output, const char *patch, int plen)
 }
 
 static int apply_one_fragment(struct buffer_desc *desc, struct fragment *frag,
-	int inaccurate_eof)
+	int reverse, int inaccurate_eof)
 {
 	int match_beginning, match_end;
 	char *buf = desc->buffer;
@@ -1350,6 +1378,7 @@ static int apply_one_fragment(struct buffer_desc *desc, struct fragment *frag,
 	int pos, lines;
 
 	while (size > 0) {
+		char first;
 		int len = linelen(patch, size);
 		int plen;
 
@@ -1366,16 +1395,23 @@ static int apply_one_fragment(struct buffer_desc *desc, struct fragment *frag,
 		plen = len-1;
 		if (len < size && patch[len] == '\\')
 			plen--;
-		switch (*patch) {
+		first = *patch;
+		if (reverse) {
+			if (first == '-')
+				first = '+';
+			else if (first == '+')
+				first = '-';
+		}
+		switch (first) {
 		case ' ':
 		case '-':
 			memcpy(old + oldsize, patch + 1, plen);
 			oldsize += plen;
-			if (*patch == '-')
+			if (first == '-')
 				break;
 		/* Fall-through for ' ' */
 		case '+':
-			if (*patch != '+' || !no_add)
+			if (first != '+' || !no_add)
 				newsize += apply_line(new + newsize, patch,
 						      plen);
 			break;
@@ -1499,6 +1535,12 @@ static int apply_binary_fragment(struct buffer_desc *desc, struct patch *patch)
 	void *data;
 	void *result;
 
+	/* Binary patch is irreversible */
+	if (patch->is_reverse)
+		return error("cannot reverse-apply a binary patch to '%s'",
+			     patch->new_name
+			     ? patch->new_name : patch->old_name);
+
 	data = inflate_it(fragment->patch, fragment->size,
 			  patch->deflate_origlen);
 	if (!data)
@@ -1615,7 +1657,8 @@ static int apply_fragments(struct buffer_desc *desc, struct patch *patch)
 		return apply_binary(desc, patch);
 
 	while (frag) {
-		if (apply_one_fragment(desc, frag, patch->inaccurate_eof) < 0)
+		if (apply_one_fragment(desc, frag, patch->is_reverse,
+					patch->inaccurate_eof) < 0)
 			return error("patch failed: %s:%ld",
 				     name, frag->oldpos);
 		frag = frag->next;
@@ -2142,7 +2185,8 @@ static int use_patch(struct patch *p)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int apply_patch(int fd, const char *filename, int inaccurate_eof)
+static int apply_patch(int fd, const char *filename,
+		int reverse, int inaccurate_eof)
 {
 	unsigned long offset, size;
 	char *buffer = read_patch_file(fd, &size);
@@ -2162,6 +2206,8 @@ static int apply_patch(int fd, const char *filename, int inaccurate_eof)
 		nr = parse_chunk(buffer + offset, size, patch);
 		if (nr < 0)
 			break;
+		if (reverse)
+			reverse_patches(patch);
 		if (use_patch(patch)) {
 			patch_stats(patch);
 			*listp = patch;
@@ -2222,10 +2268,11 @@ static int git_apply_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 }
 
 
-int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i;
 	int read_stdin = 1;
+	int reverse = 0;
 	int inaccurate_eof = 0;
 
 	const char *whitespace_option = NULL;
@@ -2236,7 +2283,7 @@ int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 		int fd;
 
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "-")) {
-			apply_patch(0, "<stdin>", inaccurate_eof);
+			apply_patch(0, "<stdin>", reverse, inaccurate_eof);
 			read_stdin = 0;
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -2313,6 +2360,10 @@ int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 			parse_whitespace_option(arg + 13);
 			continue;
 		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "-R") || !strcmp(arg, "--reverse")) {
+			reverse = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--inaccurate-eof")) {
 			inaccurate_eof = 1;
 			continue;
@@ -2333,12 +2384,12 @@ int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 			usage(apply_usage);
 		read_stdin = 0;
 		set_default_whitespace_mode(whitespace_option);
-		apply_patch(fd, arg, inaccurate_eof);
+		apply_patch(fd, arg, reverse, inaccurate_eof);
 		close(fd);
 	}
 	set_default_whitespace_mode(whitespace_option);
 	if (read_stdin)
-		apply_patch(0, "<stdin>", inaccurate_eof);
+		apply_patch(0, "<stdin>", reverse, inaccurate_eof);
 	if (whitespace_error) {
 		if (squelch_whitespace_errors &&
 		    squelch_whitespace_errors < whitespace_error) {
diff --git a/builtin-cat-file.c b/builtin-cat-file.c
index 4d36817e5f..814fb0743f 100644
--- a/builtin-cat-file.c
+++ b/builtin-cat-file.c
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ static int pprint_tag(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *buf, unsigned long
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	char type[20];
@@ -102,7 +102,6 @@ int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 	unsigned long size;
 	int opt;
 
-	setup_git_directory();
 	git_config(git_default_config);
 	if (argc != 3)
 		usage("git-cat-file [-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>] <sha1>");
diff --git a/builtin-check-ref-format.c b/builtin-check-ref-format.c
index 4a23936aff..701de439ae 100644
--- a/builtin-check-ref-format.c
+++ b/builtin-check-ref-format.c
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 
-int cmd_check_ref_format(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_check_ref_format(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	if (argc != 2)
 		usage("git check-ref-format refname");
diff --git a/builtin-commit-tree.c b/builtin-commit-tree.c
index ec082bf754..9c98796671 100644
--- a/builtin-commit-tree.c
+++ b/builtin-commit-tree.c
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ static int new_parent(int idx)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-int cmd_commit_tree(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_commit_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i;
 	int parents = 0;
@@ -88,8 +88,6 @@ int cmd_commit_tree(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 	unsigned int size;
 
 	setup_ident();
-	setup_git_directory();
-
 	git_config(git_default_config);
 
 	if (argc < 2)
diff --git a/builtin-count.c b/builtin-count.c
index 5ee72df247..1d3729aa99 100644
--- a/builtin-count.c
+++ b/builtin-count.c
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ static void count_objects(DIR *d, char *path, int len, int verbose,
 	}
 }
 
-int cmd_count_objects(int ac, const char **av, char **ep)
+int cmd_count_objects(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i;
 	int verbose = 0;
diff --git a/builtin-diff-files.c b/builtin-diff-files.c
index 81ac2fe64a..ac13db70ff 100644
--- a/builtin-diff-files.c
+++ b/builtin-diff-files.c
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ static const char diff_files_usage[] =
 "git-diff-files [-q] [-0/-1/2/3 |-c|--cc] [<common diff options>] [<path>...]"
 COMMON_DIFF_OPTIONS_HELP;
 
-int cmd_diff_files(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_diff_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	int silent = 0;
 
+	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	git_config(git_default_config); /* no "diff" UI options */
-	init_revisions(&rev);
 	rev.abbrev = 0;
 
 	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL);
diff --git a/builtin-diff-index.c b/builtin-diff-index.c
index a1fa1b85cf..95a3db156b 100644
--- a/builtin-diff-index.c
+++ b/builtin-diff-index.c
@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ static const char diff_cache_usage[] =
 "[<common diff options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
 COMMON_DIFF_OPTIONS_HELP;
 
-int cmd_diff_index(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_diff_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	int cached = 0;
 	int i;
 
+	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	git_config(git_default_config); /* no "diff" UI options */
-	init_revisions(&rev);
 	rev.abbrev = 0;
 
 	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL);
diff --git a/builtin-diff-stages.c b/builtin-diff-stages.c
index 9c62702941..5960e08997 100644
--- a/builtin-diff-stages.c
+++ b/builtin-diff-stages.c
@@ -55,10 +55,9 @@ static void diff_stages(int stage1, int stage2, const char **pathspec)
 	}
 }
 
-int cmd_diff_stages(int ac, const char **av, char **envp)
+int cmd_diff_stages(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int stage1, stage2;
-	const char *prefix = setup_git_directory();
 	const char **pathspec = NULL;
 
 	git_config(git_default_config); /* no "diff" UI options */
diff --git a/builtin-diff-tree.c b/builtin-diff-tree.c
index b610668594..24cb2d7f84 100644
--- a/builtin-diff-tree.c
+++ b/builtin-diff-tree.c
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ static const char diff_tree_usage[] =
 "  --root        include the initial commit as diff against /dev/null\n"
 COMMON_DIFF_OPTIONS_HELP;
 
-int cmd_diff_tree(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_diff_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int nr_sha1;
 	char line[1000];
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ int cmd_diff_tree(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 	static struct rev_info *opt = &log_tree_opt;
 	int read_stdin = 0;
 
+	init_revisions(opt, prefix);
 	git_config(git_default_config); /* no "diff" UI options */
 	nr_sha1 = 0;
-	init_revisions(opt);
 	opt->abbrev = 0;
 	opt->diff = 1;
 	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, opt, NULL);
diff --git a/builtin-diff.c b/builtin-diff.c
index cb38f44561..48d2fd03b7 100644
--- a/builtin-diff.c
+++ b/builtin-diff.c
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ void add_head(struct rev_info *revs)
 	add_pending_object(revs, obj, "HEAD");
 }
 
-int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct rev_info rev;
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 	 */
 
 	git_config(git_diff_ui_config);
-	init_revisions(&rev);
+	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 
 	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL);
 	if (!rev.diffopt.output_format) {
@@ -346,7 +346,15 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 		return builtin_diff_index(&rev, argc, argv);
 	else if (ents == 2)
 		return builtin_diff_tree(&rev, argc, argv, ent);
+	else if ((ents == 3) && (ent[0].item->flags & UNINTERESTING)) {
+		/* diff A...B where there is one sane merge base between
+		 * A and B.  We have ent[0] == merge-base, ent[1] == A,
+		 * and ent[2] == B.  Show diff between the base and B.
+		 */
+		return builtin_diff_tree(&rev, argc, argv, ent);
+	}
 	else
-		return builtin_diff_combined(&rev, argc, argv, ent, ents);
+		return builtin_diff_combined(&rev, argc, argv,
+					     ent, ents);
 	usage(builtin_diff_usage);
 }
diff --git a/builtin-fmt-merge-msg.c b/builtin-fmt-merge-msg.c
index f20b27b8a9..c84224ee84 100644
--- a/builtin-fmt-merge-msg.c
+++ b/builtin-fmt-merge-msg.c
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ static void shortlog(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1,
 	free_list(&subjects);
 }
 
-int cmd_fmt_merge_msg(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_fmt_merge_msg(int argc, char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int limit = 20, i = 0;
 	char line[1024];
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ int cmd_fmt_merge_msg(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
 		struct rev_info rev;
 
 		head = lookup_commit(head_sha1);
-		init_revisions(&rev);
+		init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 		rev.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_ONELINE;
 		rev.ignore_merges = 1;
 		rev.limited = 1;
diff --git a/builtin-grep.c b/builtin-grep.c
index a79bac305a..69b7c4862a 100644
--- a/builtin-grep.c
+++ b/builtin-grep.c
@@ -919,14 +919,13 @@ static const char emsg_missing_context_len[] =
 static const char emsg_missing_argument[] =
 "option requires an argument -%s";
 
-int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int hit = 0;
 	int cached = 0;
 	int seen_dashdash = 0;
 	struct grep_opt opt;
 	struct object_array list = { 0, 0, NULL };
-	const char *prefix = setup_git_directory();
 	const char **paths = NULL;
 	int i;
 
diff --git a/builtin-help.c b/builtin-help.c
index 335fe5fedc..bb0b03f1ae 100644
--- a/builtin-help.c
+++ b/builtin-help.c
@@ -221,15 +221,15 @@ static void show_man_page(const char *git_cmd)
 	execlp("man", "man", page, NULL);
 }
 
-int cmd_version(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_version(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	printf("git version %s\n", git_version_string);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int cmd_help(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_help(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	const char *help_cmd = argv[1];
+	const char *help_cmd = argc > 1 ? argv[1] : NULL;
 	if (!help_cmd)
 		cmd_usage(0, git_exec_path(), NULL);
 	else if (!strcmp(help_cmd, "--all") || !strcmp(help_cmd, "-a"))
diff --git a/builtin-init-db.c b/builtin-init-db.c
index 7fdd2fa9f9..52473edf56 100644
--- a/builtin-init-db.c
+++ b/builtin-init-db.c
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ static const char init_db_usage[] =
  * On the other hand, it might just make lookup slower and messier. You
  * be the judge.  The default case is to have one DB per managed directory.
  */
-int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	const char *git_dir;
 	const char *sha1_dir;
diff --git a/builtin-log.c b/builtin-log.c
index 4052cc75bd..82c69d1d05 100644
--- a/builtin-log.c
+++ b/builtin-log.c
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 /* this is in builtin-diff.c */
 void add_head(struct rev_info *revs);
 
-static void cmd_log_init(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp,
+static void cmd_log_init(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 		      struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	rev->abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
@@ -45,27 +45,27 @@ static int cmd_log_walk(struct rev_info *rev)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int cmd_whatchanged(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_whatchanged(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
 
 	git_config(git_diff_ui_config);
-	init_revisions(&rev);
+	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.diff = 1;
 	rev.diffopt.recursive = 1;
 	rev.simplify_history = 0;
-	cmd_log_init(argc, argv, envp, &rev);
+	cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev);
 	if (!rev.diffopt.output_format)
 		rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
 	return cmd_log_walk(&rev);
 }
 
-int cmd_show(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_show(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
 
 	git_config(git_diff_ui_config);
-	init_revisions(&rev);
+	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.diff = 1;
 	rev.diffopt.recursive = 1;
 	rev.combine_merges = 1;
@@ -73,18 +73,18 @@ int cmd_show(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 	rev.always_show_header = 1;
 	rev.ignore_merges = 0;
 	rev.no_walk = 1;
-	cmd_log_init(argc, argv, envp, &rev);
+	cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev);
 	return cmd_log_walk(&rev);
 }
 
-int cmd_log(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_log(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
 
 	git_config(git_diff_ui_config);
-	init_revisions(&rev);
+	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.always_show_header = 1;
-	cmd_log_init(argc, argv, envp, &rev);
+	cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev);
 	return cmd_log_walk(&rev);
 }
 
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ static int get_patch_id(struct commit *commit, struct diff_options *options,
 	return diff_flush_patch_id(options, sha1);
 }
 
-static void get_patch_ids(struct rev_info *rev, struct diff_options *options)
+static void get_patch_ids(struct rev_info *rev, struct diff_options *options, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct rev_info check_rev;
 	struct commit *commit;
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ static void get_patch_ids(struct rev_info *rev, struct diff_options *options)
 		die("diff_setup_done failed");
 
 	/* given a range a..b get all patch ids for b..a */
-	init_revisions(&check_rev);
+	init_revisions(&check_rev, prefix);
 	o1->flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
 	o2->flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
 	add_pending_object(&check_rev, o1, "o1");
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ static void gen_message_id(char *dest, unsigned int length, char *base)
 		 (int)(email_end - email_start - 1), email_start + 1);
 }
 
-int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct commit *commit;
 	struct commit **list = NULL;
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 	char ref_message_id[1024];
 
 	git_config(git_format_config);
-	init_revisions(&rev);
+	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_EMAIL;
 	rev.verbose_header = 1;
 	rev.diff = 1;
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 	}
 
 	if (ignore_if_in_upstream)
-		get_patch_ids(&rev, &patch_id_opts);
+		get_patch_ids(&rev, &patch_id_opts, prefix);
 
 	if (!use_stdout)
 		realstdout = fdopen(dup(1), "w");
diff --git a/builtin-ls-files.c b/builtin-ls-files.c
index 8dae9f70e2..79ffe8f423 100644
--- a/builtin-ls-files.c
+++ b/builtin-ls-files.c
@@ -322,14 +322,13 @@ static const char ls_files_usage[] =
 	"[ --exclude-per-directory=<filename> ] [--full-name] [--abbrev] "
 	"[--] [<file>]*";
 
-int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, char** envp)
+int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i;
 	int exc_given = 0;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
 
 	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
-	prefix = setup_git_directory();
 	if (prefix)
 		prefix_offset = strlen(prefix);
 	git_config(git_default_config);
diff --git a/builtin-ls-tree.c b/builtin-ls-tree.c
index b8d0d88ba8..261147fdbe 100644
--- a/builtin-ls-tree.c
+++ b/builtin-ls-tree.c
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ static int abbrev = 0;
 static int ls_options = 0;
 static const char **pathspec;
 static int chomp_prefix = 0;
-static const char *prefix;
+static const char *ls_tree_prefix;
 
 static const char ls_tree_usage[] =
 	"git-ls-tree [-d] [-r] [-t] [-z] [--name-only] [--name-status] [--full-name] [--abbrev[=<n>]] <tree-ish> [path...]";
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ static int show_tree(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen,
 		return 0;
 
 	if (chomp_prefix &&
-	    (baselen < chomp_prefix || memcmp(prefix, base, chomp_prefix)))
+	    (baselen < chomp_prefix || memcmp(ls_tree_prefix, base, chomp_prefix)))
 		return 0;
 
 	if (!(ls_options & LS_NAME_ONLY))
@@ -85,13 +85,13 @@ static int show_tree(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen,
 	return retval;
 }
 
-int cmd_ls_tree(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_ls_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	struct tree *tree;
 
-	prefix = setup_git_directory();
 	git_config(git_default_config);
+	ls_tree_prefix = prefix;
 	if (prefix && *prefix)
 		chomp_prefix = strlen(prefix);
 	while (1 < argc && argv[1][0] == '-') {
diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
index ac53f76f68..24a4fc63b3 100644
--- a/builtin-mailinfo.c
+++ b/builtin-mailinfo.c
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ static int read_one_header_line(char *line, int sz, FILE *in)
 			break;
 	}
 	/* Count mbox From headers as headers */
-	if (!ofs && !memcmp(line, "From ", 5))
+	if (!ofs && (!memcmp(line, "From ", 5) || !memcmp(line, ">From ", 6)))
 		ofs = 1;
 	return ofs;
 }
@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ int mailinfo(FILE *in, FILE *out, int ks, const char *encoding,
 static const char mailinfo_usage[] =
 	"git-mailinfo [-k] [-u | --encoding=<encoding>] msg patch <mail >info";
 
-int cmd_mailinfo(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_mailinfo(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	/* NEEDSWORK: might want to do the optional .git/ directory
 	 * discovery
diff --git a/builtin-mailsplit.c b/builtin-mailsplit.c
index e2a0058435..91a699d34d 100644
--- a/builtin-mailsplit.c
+++ b/builtin-mailsplit.c
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ out:
 	free(name);
 	return ret;
 }
-int cmd_mailsplit(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_mailsplit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int nr = 0, nr_prec = 4, ret;
 	int allow_bare = 0;
diff --git a/builtin-mv.c b/builtin-mv.c
index 42c2e39b21..62ae937cb1 100644
--- a/builtin-mv.c
+++ b/builtin-mv.c
@@ -56,11 +56,10 @@ static const char *add_slash(const char *path)
 
 static struct lock_file lock_file;
 
-int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i, newfd, count;
 	int verbose = 0, show_only = 0, force = 0, ignore_errors = 0;
-	const char *prefix = setup_git_directory();
 	const char **source, **destination, **dest_path;
 	enum update_mode { BOTH = 0, WORKING_DIRECTORY, INDEX } *modes;
 	struct stat st;
diff --git a/builtin-prune.c b/builtin-prune.c
index d196c41f13..6a86eb52ae 100644
--- a/builtin-prune.c
+++ b/builtin-prune.c
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ static void add_cache_refs(void)
 		add_cache_tree(active_cache_tree);
 }
 
-int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 	 * Set up revision parsing, and mark us as being interested
 	 * in all object types, not just commits.
 	 */
-	init_revisions(&revs);
+	init_revisions(&revs, prefix);
 	revs.tag_objects = 1;
 	revs.blob_objects = 1;
 	revs.tree_objects = 1;
diff --git a/builtin-push.c b/builtin-push.c
index 31cbfd7386..a824171066 100644
--- a/builtin-push.c
+++ b/builtin-push.c
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ static int do_push(const char *repo)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int cmd_push(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_push(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i;
 	const char *repo = "origin";	/* default repository */
diff --git a/builtin-read-tree.c b/builtin-read-tree.c
index 122b6f130b..49c10bf221 100644
--- a/builtin-read-tree.c
+++ b/builtin-read-tree.c
@@ -870,7 +870,7 @@ static const char read_tree_usage[] = "git-read-tree (<sha> | [[-m [--aggressive
 
 static struct lock_file lock_file;
 
-int cmd_read_tree(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_read_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i, newfd, stage = 0;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -882,7 +882,6 @@ int cmd_read_tree(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 	state.quiet = 1;
 	state.refresh_cache = 1;
 
-	setup_git_directory();
 	git_config(git_default_config);
 
 	newfd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock_file, get_index_file());
diff --git a/builtin-rev-list.c b/builtin-rev-list.c
index 8f32871337..0dee1734a3 100644
--- a/builtin-rev-list.c
+++ b/builtin-rev-list.c
@@ -306,12 +306,12 @@ static void mark_edges_uninteresting(struct commit_list *list)
 	}
 }
 
-int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct commit_list *list;
 	int i;
 
-	init_revisions(&revs);
+	init_revisions(&revs, prefix);
 	revs.abbrev = 0;
 	revs.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_UNSPECIFIED;
 	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &revs, NULL);
diff --git a/builtin-rev-parse.c b/builtin-rev-parse.c
index b3e4386c1b..aca4a36032 100644
--- a/builtin-rev-parse.c
+++ b/builtin-rev-parse.c
@@ -209,11 +209,10 @@ static int try_difference(const char *arg)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i, as_is = 0, verify = 0;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	const char *prefix = setup_git_directory();
 
 	git_config(git_default_config);
 
diff --git a/builtin-rm.c b/builtin-rm.c
index bb810ba41a..92d205a715 100644
--- a/builtin-rm.c
+++ b/builtin-rm.c
@@ -43,11 +43,10 @@ static int remove_file(const char *name)
 
 static struct lock_file lock_file;
 
-int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i, newfd;
 	int verbose = 0, show_only = 0, force = 0;
-	const char *prefix = setup_git_directory();
 	const char **pathspec;
 	char *seen;
 
diff --git a/builtin-show-branch.c b/builtin-show-branch.c
index 82f75b72de..2a1b848f6c 100644
--- a/builtin-show-branch.c
+++ b/builtin-show-branch.c
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ static int omit_in_dense(struct commit *commit, struct commit **rev, int n)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, char **envp)
+int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct commit *rev[MAX_REVS], *commit;
 	struct commit_list *list = NULL, *seen = NULL;
@@ -573,7 +573,6 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, char **envp)
 	int topics = 0;
 	int dense = 1;
 
-	setup_git_directory();
 	git_config(git_show_branch_config);
 
 	/* If nothing is specified, try the default first */
diff --git a/builtin-stripspace.c b/builtin-stripspace.c
index 2ce1264f7b..09cc9108cd 100644
--- a/builtin-stripspace.c
+++ b/builtin-stripspace.c
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ void stripspace(FILE *in, FILE *out)
 		fputc('\n', out);
 }
 
-int cmd_stripspace(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_stripspace(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	stripspace(stdin, stdout);
 	return 0;
diff --git a/builtin-tar-tree.c b/builtin-tar-tree.c
index e5aaded820..7c48db9ec8 100644
--- a/builtin-tar-tree.c
+++ b/builtin-tar-tree.c
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ int git_tar_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 	return git_default_config(var, value);
 }
 
-static int generate_tar(int argc, const char **argv, char** envp)
+static int generate_tar(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20], tree_sha1[20];
 	struct commit *commit;
@@ -319,7 +319,6 @@ static int generate_tar(int argc, const char **argv, char** envp)
 	current_path.alloc = PATH_MAX;
 	current_path.len = current_path.eof = 0;
 
-	setup_git_directory();
 	git_config(git_tar_config);
 
 	switch (argc) {
@@ -402,19 +401,19 @@ static int remote_tar(int argc, const char **argv)
 	return !!ret;
 }
 
-int cmd_tar_tree(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_tar_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	if (argc < 2)
 		usage(tar_tree_usage);
 	if (!strncmp("--remote=", argv[1], 9))
 		return remote_tar(argc, argv);
-	return generate_tar(argc, argv, envp);
+	return generate_tar(argc, argv, prefix);
 }
 
 /* ustar header + extended global header content */
 #define HEADERSIZE (2 * RECORDSIZE)
 
-int cmd_get_tar_commit_id(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_get_tar_commit_id(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	char buffer[HEADERSIZE];
 	struct ustar_header *header = (struct ustar_header *)buffer;
diff --git a/builtin-update-index.c b/builtin-update-index.c
index 1a4200d151..24dca47d8d 100644
--- a/builtin-update-index.c
+++ b/builtin-update-index.c
@@ -476,12 +476,11 @@ static int do_reupdate(int ac, const char **av,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int cmd_update_index(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_update_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i, newfd, entries, has_errors = 0, line_termination = '\n';
 	int allow_options = 1;
 	int read_from_stdin = 0;
-	const char *prefix = setup_git_directory();
 	int prefix_length = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
 	char set_executable_bit = 0;
 	unsigned int refresh_flags = 0;
diff --git a/builtin-update-ref.c b/builtin-update-ref.c
index 83094abe0f..5bd71825fd 100644
--- a/builtin-update-ref.c
+++ b/builtin-update-ref.c
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 static const char git_update_ref_usage[] =
 "git-update-ref <refname> <value> [<oldval>] [-m <reason>]";
 
-int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	const char *refname=NULL, *value=NULL, *oldval=NULL, *msg=NULL;
 	struct ref_lock *lock;
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 	int i;
 
 	setup_ident();
-	setup_git_directory();
 	git_config(git_default_config);
 
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
diff --git a/builtin-upload-tar.c b/builtin-upload-tar.c
index d4fa7b56c3..7b401bbb77 100644
--- a/builtin-upload-tar.c
+++ b/builtin-upload-tar.c
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ static int nak(const char *reason)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-int cmd_upload_tar(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_upload_tar(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int len;
 	const char *dir = argv[1];
diff --git a/builtin-write-tree.c b/builtin-write-tree.c
index 449a4d1b57..0289f59936 100644
--- a/builtin-write-tree.c
+++ b/builtin-write-tree.c
@@ -60,14 +60,12 @@ int write_tree(unsigned char *sha1, int missing_ok, const char *prefix)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int cmd_write_tree(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
+int cmd_write_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
 {
 	int missing_ok = 0, ret;
 	const char *prefix = NULL;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
-	setup_git_directory();
-
 	while (1 < argc) {
 		const char *arg = argv[1];
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--missing-ok"))
diff --git a/builtin.h b/builtin.h
index 6f3a43957c..1c8637ae22 100644
--- a/builtin.h
+++ b/builtin.h
@@ -15,54 +15,54 @@ void cmd_usage(int show_all, const char *exec_path, const char *fmt, ...)
 #endif
 	;
 
-extern int cmd_help(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_version(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
+extern int cmd_help(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_version(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 
-extern int cmd_whatchanged(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_show(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_log(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_count_objects(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
+extern int cmd_whatchanged(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_show(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_log(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_count_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 
-extern int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
+extern int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 
-extern int cmd_push(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_check_ref_format(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_tar_tree(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_upload_tar(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_get_tar_commit_id(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_ls_tree(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_read_tree(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_commit_tree(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_show_branch(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_diff_files(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_diff_index(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_diff_stages(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_diff_tree(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_update_index(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_fmt_merge_msg(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
-extern int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
+extern int cmd_push(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_check_ref_format(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_tar_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_upload_tar(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_get_tar_commit_id(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_ls_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_read_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_commit_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_show_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_diff_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_diff_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_diff_stages(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_diff_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_update_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_fmt_merge_msg(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 
-extern int cmd_write_tree(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
+extern int cmd_write_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int write_tree(unsigned char *sha1, int missing_ok, const char *prefix);
 
-extern int cmd_mailsplit(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
+extern int cmd_mailsplit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int split_mbox(const char **mbox, const char *dir, int allow_bare, int nr_prec, int skip);
 
-extern int cmd_mailinfo(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
+extern int cmd_mailinfo(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int mailinfo(FILE *in, FILE *out, int ks, const char *encoding, const char *msg, const char *patch);
 
-extern int cmd_stripspace(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp);
+extern int cmd_stripspace(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern void stripspace(FILE *in, FILE *out);
 #endif
diff --git a/daemon.c b/daemon.c
index e4ec676301..810837f0c4 100644
--- a/daemon.c
+++ b/daemon.c
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ static const char daemon_usage[] =
 "git-daemon [--verbose] [--syslog] [--inetd | --port=n] [--export-all]\n"
 "           [--timeout=n] [--init-timeout=n] [--strict-paths]\n"
 "           [--base-path=path] [--user-path | --user-path=path]\n"
-"           [--reuseaddr] [directory...]";
+"           [--reuseaddr] [--detach] [--pid-file=file] [directory...]";
 
 /* List of acceptable pathname prefixes */
 static char **ok_paths = NULL;
diff --git a/fetch.c b/fetch.c
index 989d7a4788..aeb6bf2639 100644
--- a/fetch.c
+++ b/fetch.c
@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "blob.h"
 #include "refs.h"
-
-const char *write_ref = NULL;
-const char *write_ref_log_details = NULL;
+#include "strbuf.h"
 
 int get_tree = 0;
 int get_history = 0;
@@ -213,54 +211,106 @@ static int mark_complete(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int pull(char *target)
+int pull_targets_stdin(char ***target, const char ***write_ref)
 {
-	struct ref_lock *lock = NULL;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int targets = 0, targets_alloc = 0;
+	struct strbuf buf;
+	*target = NULL; *write_ref = NULL;
+	strbuf_init(&buf);
+	while (1) {
+		char *rf_one = NULL;
+		char *tg_one;
+
+		read_line(&buf, stdin, '\n');
+		if (buf.eof)
+			break;
+		tg_one = buf.buf;
+		rf_one = strchr(tg_one, '\t');
+		if (rf_one)
+			*rf_one++ = 0;
+
+		if (targets >= targets_alloc) {
+			targets_alloc = targets_alloc ? targets_alloc * 2 : 64;
+			*target = xrealloc(*target, targets_alloc * sizeof(**target));
+			*write_ref = xrealloc(*write_ref, targets_alloc * sizeof(**write_ref));
+		}
+		(*target)[targets] = strdup(tg_one);
+		(*write_ref)[targets] = rf_one ? strdup(rf_one) : NULL;
+		targets++;
+	}
+	return targets;
+}
+
+void pull_targets_free(int targets, char **target, const char **write_ref)
+{
+	while (targets--) {
+		free(target[targets]);
+		if (write_ref && write_ref[targets])
+			free((char *) write_ref[targets]);
+	}
+}
+
+int pull(int targets, char **target, const char **write_ref,
+         const char *write_ref_log_details)
+{
+	struct ref_lock **lock = xcalloc(targets, sizeof(struct ref_lock *));
+	unsigned char *sha1 = xmalloc(targets * 20);
 	char *msg;
 	int ret;
+	int i;
 
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
 	track_object_refs = 0;
-	if (write_ref) {
-		lock = lock_ref_sha1(write_ref, NULL, 0);
-		if (!lock) {
-			error("Can't lock ref %s", write_ref);
-			return -1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < targets; i++) {
+		if (!write_ref || !write_ref[i])
+			continue;
+
+		lock[i] = lock_ref_sha1(write_ref[i], NULL, 0);
+		if (!lock[i]) {
+			error("Can't lock ref %s", write_ref[i]);
+			goto unlock_and_fail;
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (!get_recover)
 		for_each_ref(mark_complete);
 
-	if (interpret_target(target, sha1)) {
-		error("Could not interpret %s as something to pull", target);
-		if (lock)
-			unlock_ref(lock);
-		return -1;
-	}
-	if (process(lookup_unknown_object(sha1))) {
-		if (lock)
-			unlock_ref(lock);
-		return -1;
-	}
-	if (loop()) {
-		if (lock)
-			unlock_ref(lock);
-		return -1;
+	for (i = 0; i < targets; i++) {
+		if (interpret_target(target[i], &sha1[20 * i])) {
+			error("Could not interpret %s as something to pull", target[i]);
+			goto unlock_and_fail;
+		}
+		if (process(lookup_unknown_object(&sha1[20 * i])))
+			goto unlock_and_fail;
 	}
 
-	if (write_ref) {
-		if (write_ref_log_details) {
-			msg = xmalloc(strlen(write_ref_log_details) + 12);
-			sprintf(msg, "fetch from %s", write_ref_log_details);
-		}
-		else
-			msg = NULL;
-		ret = write_ref_sha1(lock, sha1, msg ? msg : "fetch (unknown)");
-		if (msg)
-			free(msg);
-		return ret;
+	if (loop())
+		goto unlock_and_fail;
+
+	if (write_ref_log_details) {
+		msg = xmalloc(strlen(write_ref_log_details) + 12);
+		sprintf(msg, "fetch from %s", write_ref_log_details);
+	} else {
+		msg = NULL;
 	}
+	for (i = 0; i < targets; i++) {
+		if (!write_ref || !write_ref[i])
+			continue;
+		ret = write_ref_sha1(lock[i], &sha1[20 * i], msg ? msg : "fetch (unknown)");
+		lock[i] = NULL;
+		if (ret)
+			goto unlock_and_fail;
+	}
+	if (msg)
+		free(msg);
+
 	return 0;
+
+
+unlock_and_fail:
+	for (i = 0; i < targets; i++)
+		if (lock[i])
+			unlock_ref(lock[i]);
+	return -1;
 }
diff --git a/fetch.h b/fetch.h
index 841bb1af9c..be48c6f190 100644
--- a/fetch.h
+++ b/fetch.h
@@ -22,12 +22,6 @@ extern void prefetch(unsigned char *sha1);
  */
 extern int fetch_ref(char *ref, unsigned char *sha1);
 
-/* If set, the ref filename to write the target value to. */
-extern const char *write_ref;
-
-/* If set additional text will appear in the ref log. */
-extern const char *write_ref_log_details;
-
 /* Set to fetch the target tree. */
 extern int get_tree;
 
@@ -46,6 +40,15 @@ extern int get_recover;
 /* Report what we got under get_verbosely */
 extern void pull_say(const char *, const char *);
 
-extern int pull(char *target);
+/* Load pull targets from stdin */
+extern int pull_targets_stdin(char ***target, const char ***write_ref);
+
+/* Free up loaded targets */
+extern void pull_targets_free(int targets, char **target, const char **write_ref);
+
+/* If write_ref is set, the ref filename to write the target value to. */
+/* If write_ref_log_details is set, additional text will appear in the ref log. */
+extern int pull(int targets, char **target, const char **write_ref,
+		const char *write_ref_log_details);
 
 #endif /* PULL_H */
diff --git a/git-cvsserver.perl b/git-cvsserver.perl
index 5b73837bb1..2130d57020 100755
--- a/git-cvsserver.perl
+++ b/git-cvsserver.perl
@@ -1142,9 +1142,7 @@ sub req_ci
         exit;
     }
 
-    open FILE, ">", "$ENV{GIT_DIR}refs/heads/$state->{module}";
-    print FILE $commithash;
-    close FILE;
+    print LOCKFILE $commithash;
 
     $updater->update();
 
@@ -1171,7 +1169,9 @@ sub req_ci
     }
 
     close LOCKFILE;
-    unlink($lockfile);
+    my $reffile = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}refs/heads/$state->{module}";
+    unlink($reffile);
+    rename($lockfile, $reffile);
     chdir "/";
 
     print "ok\n";
diff --git a/git-instaweb.sh b/git-instaweb.sh
index 9829c59154..16cd351f7f 100755
--- a/git-instaweb.sh
+++ b/git-instaweb.sh
@@ -54,6 +54,10 @@ start_httpd () {
 			fi
 		done
 	fi
+	if test $? != 0; then
+		echo "Could not execute http daemon $httpd."
+		exit 1
+	fi
 }
 
 stop_httpd () {
@@ -184,7 +188,7 @@ EOF
 	else
 		# plain-old CGI
 		list_mods=`echo "$httpd" | sed "s/-f$/-l/"`
-		$list_mods | grep 'mod_cgi\.c' >/dev/null || \
+		$list_mods | grep 'mod_cgi\.c' >/dev/null 2>&1 || \
 		echo "LoadModule cgi_module $module_path/mod_cgi.so" >> "$conf"
 		cat >> "$conf" <<EOF
 AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
@@ -234,4 +238,5 @@ esac
 
 start_httpd
 test -z "$browser" && browser=echo
-$browser http://127.0.0.1:$port
+url=http://127.0.0.1:$port
+$browser $url || echo $url
diff --git a/git-lost-found.sh b/git-lost-found.sh
index ba6d587f31..b928f2ca52 100755
--- a/git-lost-found.sh
+++ b/git-lost-found.sh
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ fi
 laf="$GIT_DIR/lost-found"
 rm -fr "$laf" && mkdir -p "$laf/commit" "$laf/other" || exit
 
-git fsck-objects |
+git fsck-objects --full |
 while read dangling type sha1
 do
 	case "$dangling" in
diff --git a/git-reset.sh b/git-reset.sh
index 5c0224090a..36fc8ce25b 100755
--- a/git-reset.sh
+++ b/git-reset.sh
@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ then
 else
 	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/ORIG_HEAD"
 fi
-git-update-ref -m "reset $reset_type $@" HEAD "$rev"
+git-update-ref -m "reset $reset_type $*" HEAD "$rev"
+update_ref_status=$?
 
 case "$reset_type" in
 --hard )
@@ -66,3 +67,5 @@ case "$reset_type" in
 esac
 
 rm -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" "$GIT_DIR/rr-cache/MERGE_RR" "$GIT_DIR/SQUASH_MSG"
+
+exit $update_ref_status
diff --git a/git.c b/git.c
index d47e9d8db9..452180e23a 100644
--- a/git.c
+++ b/git.c
@@ -35,6 +35,59 @@ static void prepend_to_path(const char *dir, int len)
 	setenv("PATH", path, 1);
 }
 
+static int handle_options(const char*** argv, int* argc)
+{
+	int handled = 0;
+
+	while (*argc > 0) {
+		const char *cmd = (*argv)[0];
+		if (cmd[0] != '-')
+			break;
+
+		/*
+		 * For legacy reasons, the "version" and "help"
+		 * commands can be written with "--" prepended
+		 * to make them look like flags.
+		 */
+		if (!strcmp(cmd, "--help") || !strcmp(cmd, "--version"))
+			break;
+
+		/*
+		 * Check remaining flags.
+		 */
+		if (!strncmp(cmd, "--exec-path", 11)) {
+			cmd += 11;
+			if (*cmd == '=')
+				git_set_exec_path(cmd + 1);
+			else {
+				puts(git_exec_path());
+				exit(0);
+			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "-p") || !strcmp(cmd, "--paginate")) {
+			setup_pager();
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--git-dir")) {
+			if (*argc < 1)
+				return -1;
+			setenv("GIT_DIR", (*argv)[1], 1);
+			(*argv)++;
+			(*argc)--;
+		} else if (!strncmp(cmd, "--git-dir=", 10)) {
+			setenv("GIT_DIR", cmd + 10, 1);
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--bare")) {
+			static char git_dir[1024];
+			setenv("GIT_DIR", getcwd(git_dir, 1024), 1);
+		} else {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Unknown option: %s\n", cmd);
+			cmd_usage(0, NULL, NULL);
+		}
+
+		(*argv)++;
+		(*argc)--;
+		handled++;
+	}
+	return handled;
+}
+
 static const char *alias_command;
 static char *alias_string = NULL;
 
@@ -106,7 +159,7 @@ static int handle_alias(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
 
 	subdir = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
 	if (!nongit) {
-		int count;
+		int count, option_count;
 		const char** new_argv;
 
 		alias_command = (*argv)[0];
@@ -114,6 +167,10 @@ static int handle_alias(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
 		if (alias_string) {
 
 			count = split_cmdline(alias_string, &new_argv);
+			option_count = handle_options(&new_argv, &count);
+			memmove(new_argv - option_count, new_argv,
+					count * sizeof(char *));
+			new_argv -= option_count;
 
 			if (count < 1)
 				die("empty alias for %s", alias_command);
@@ -157,52 +214,55 @@ static int handle_alias(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
 
 const char git_version_string[] = GIT_VERSION;
 
+#define NEEDS_PREFIX 1
+
 static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 {
 	const char *cmd = argv[0];
 	static struct cmd_struct {
 		const char *cmd;
-		int (*fn)(int, const char **, char **);
+		int (*fn)(int, const char **, const char *);
+		int prefix;
 	} commands[] = {
 		{ "version", cmd_version },
 		{ "help", cmd_help },
-		{ "log", cmd_log },
-		{ "whatchanged", cmd_whatchanged },
-		{ "show", cmd_show },
+		{ "log", cmd_log, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "whatchanged", cmd_whatchanged, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "show", cmd_show, NEEDS_PREFIX },
 		{ "push", cmd_push },
-		{ "format-patch", cmd_format_patch },
+		{ "format-patch", cmd_format_patch, NEEDS_PREFIX },
 		{ "count-objects", cmd_count_objects },
-		{ "diff", cmd_diff },
-		{ "grep", cmd_grep },
-		{ "rm", cmd_rm },
-		{ "add", cmd_add },
-		{ "rev-list", cmd_rev_list },
+		{ "diff", cmd_diff, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "grep", cmd_grep, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "rm", cmd_rm, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "add", cmd_add, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "rev-list", cmd_rev_list, NEEDS_PREFIX },
 		{ "init-db", cmd_init_db },
 		{ "get-tar-commit-id", cmd_get_tar_commit_id },
 		{ "upload-tar", cmd_upload_tar },
 		{ "check-ref-format", cmd_check_ref_format },
-		{ "ls-files", cmd_ls_files },
-		{ "ls-tree", cmd_ls_tree },
-		{ "tar-tree", cmd_tar_tree },
-		{ "read-tree", cmd_read_tree },
-		{ "commit-tree", cmd_commit_tree },
+		{ "ls-files", cmd_ls_files, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "ls-tree", cmd_ls_tree, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "tar-tree", cmd_tar_tree, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "read-tree", cmd_read_tree, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "commit-tree", cmd_commit_tree, NEEDS_PREFIX },
 		{ "apply", cmd_apply },
-		{ "show-branch", cmd_show_branch },
-		{ "diff-files", cmd_diff_files },
-		{ "diff-index", cmd_diff_index },
-		{ "diff-stages", cmd_diff_stages },
-		{ "diff-tree", cmd_diff_tree },
-		{ "cat-file", cmd_cat_file },
-		{ "rev-parse", cmd_rev_parse },
-		{ "write-tree", cmd_write_tree },
+		{ "show-branch", cmd_show_branch, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "diff-files", cmd_diff_files, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "diff-index", cmd_diff_index, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "diff-stages", cmd_diff_stages, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "diff-tree", cmd_diff_tree, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "cat-file", cmd_cat_file, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "rev-parse", cmd_rev_parse, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "write-tree", cmd_write_tree, NEEDS_PREFIX },
 		{ "mailsplit", cmd_mailsplit },
 		{ "mailinfo", cmd_mailinfo },
 		{ "stripspace", cmd_stripspace },
-		{ "update-index", cmd_update_index },
-		{ "update-ref", cmd_update_ref },
-		{ "fmt-merge-msg", cmd_fmt_merge_msg },
-		{ "prune", cmd_prune },
-		{ "mv", cmd_mv },
+		{ "update-index", cmd_update_index, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "update-ref", cmd_update_ref, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "fmt-merge-msg", cmd_fmt_merge_msg, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "prune", cmd_prune, NEEDS_PREFIX },
+		{ "mv", cmd_mv, NEEDS_PREFIX },
 	};
 	int i;
 
@@ -214,9 +274,13 @@ static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(commands); i++) {
 		struct cmd_struct *p = commands+i;
+		const char *prefix;
 		if (strcmp(p->cmd, cmd))
 			continue;
 
+		prefix = NULL;
+		if (p->prefix)
+			prefix = setup_git_directory();
 		if (getenv("GIT_TRACE")) {
 			int i;
 			fprintf(stderr, "trace: built-in: git");
@@ -228,7 +292,7 @@ static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 			fflush(stderr);
 		}
 
-		exit(p->fn(argc, argv, envp));
+		exit(p->fn(argc, argv, prefix));
 	}
 }
 
@@ -269,51 +333,19 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv, char **envp)
 		die("cannot handle %s internally", cmd);
 	}
 
-	/* Default command: "help" */
-	cmd = "help";
-
 	/* Look for flags.. */
-	while (argc > 1) {
-		cmd = *++argv;
-		argc--;
-
-		if (!strcmp(cmd, "-p") || !strcmp(cmd, "--paginate")) {
-			setup_pager();
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		if (strncmp(cmd, "--", 2))
-			break;
-
-		cmd += 2;
-
-		/*
-		 * For legacy reasons, the "version" and "help"
-		 * commands can be written with "--" prepended
-		 * to make them look like flags.
-		 */
-		if (!strcmp(cmd, "help"))
-			break;
-		if (!strcmp(cmd, "version"))
-			break;
-
-		/*
-		 * Check remaining flags (which by now must be
-		 * "--exec-path", but maybe we will accept
-		 * other arguments some day)
-		 */
-		if (!strncmp(cmd, "exec-path", 9)) {
-			cmd += 9;
-			if (*cmd == '=') {
-				git_set_exec_path(cmd + 1);
-				continue;
-			}
-			puts(git_exec_path());
-			exit(0);
-		}
-		cmd_usage(0, NULL, NULL);
+	argv++;
+	argc--;
+	handle_options(&argv, &argc);
+	if (argc > 0) {
+		if (!strncmp(argv[0], "--", 2))
+			argv[0] += 2;
+	} else {
+		/* Default command: "help" */
+		argv[0] = "help";
+		argc = 1;
 	}
-	argv[0] = cmd;
+	cmd = argv[0];
 
 	/*
 	 * We search for git commands in the following order:
diff --git a/gitweb/gitweb.cgi b/gitweb/gitweb.cgi
index 30cb624b2a..243a2921f8 100755
--- a/gitweb/gitweb.cgi
+++ b/gitweb/gitweb.cgi
@@ -1199,6 +1199,20 @@ sub git_summary {
 	git_footer_html();
 }
 
+sub git_print_page_path {
+	my $name = shift;
+	my $type = shift;
+
+	if (!defined $name) {
+		print "<div class=\"page_path\"><b>/</b></div>\n";
+	} elsif ($type =~ "blob") {
+		print "<div class=\"page_path\"><b>" .
+			$cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=blob_plain;f=$file_name")}, esc_html($name)) . "</b><br/></div>\n";
+	} else {
+		print "<div class=\"page_path\"><b>" . esc_html($name) . "</b><br/></div>\n";
+	}
+}
+
 sub git_tag {
 	my $head = git_read_head($project);
 	git_header_html();
@@ -1266,7 +1280,7 @@ sub git_blame {
 		"<div>" .
 		$cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=commit;h=$hash_base"), -class => "title"}, esc_html($co{'title'})) .
 		"</div>\n";
-	print "<div class=\"page_path\"><b>" . esc_html($file_name) . "</b></div>\n";
+	git_print_page_path($file_name);
 	print "<div class=\"page_body\">\n";
 	print <<HTML;
 <table class="blame">
@@ -1531,6 +1545,14 @@ sub git_blob_plain_mimetype {
 }
 
 sub git_blob_plain {
+	if (!defined $hash) {
+                if (defined $file_name) {
+                        my $base = $hash_base || git_read_head($project);
+                        $hash = git_get_hash_by_path($base, $file_name, "blob") || die_error(undef, "Error lookup file.");
+                } else {
+                        die_error(undef, "No file name defined.");
+                }
+        }
 	my $type = shift;
 	open my $fd, "-|", "$GIT cat-file blob $hash" or die_error("Couldn't cat $file_name, $hash");
 
@@ -1554,10 +1576,14 @@ sub git_blob_plain {
 }
 
 sub git_blob {
-	if (!defined $hash && defined $file_name) {
-		my $base = $hash_base || git_read_head($project);
-		$hash = git_get_hash_by_path($base, $file_name, "blob") || die_error(undef, "Error lookup file.");
-	}
+	if (!defined $hash) {
+                if (defined $file_name) {
+                        my $base = $hash_base || git_read_head($project);
+                        $hash = git_get_hash_by_path($base, $file_name, "blob") || die_error(undef, "Error lookup file.");
+                } else {
+                        die_error(undef, "No file name defined.");
+                }
+        }
 	my $have_blame = git_get_project_config_bool ('blame');
 	open my $fd, "-|", "$GIT cat-file blob $hash" or die_error(undef, "Open failed.");
 	my $mimetype = git_blob_plain_mimetype($fd, $file_name);
@@ -1592,9 +1618,7 @@ sub git_blob {
 		      "<br/><br/></div>\n" .
 		      "<div class=\"title\">$hash</div>\n";
 	}
-	if (defined $file_name) {
-		print "<div class=\"page_path\"><b>" . esc_html($file_name) . "</b></div>\n";
-	}
+	git_print_page_path($file_name, "blob");
 	print "<div class=\"page_body\">\n";
 	my $nr;
 	while (my $line = <$fd>) {
@@ -1659,10 +1683,8 @@ sub git_tree {
 	}
 	if (defined $file_name) {
 		$base = esc_html("$file_name/");
-		print "<div class=\"page_path\"><b>/" . esc_html($file_name) . "</b></div>\n";
-	} else {
-		print "<div class=\"page_path\"><b>/</b></div>\n";
 	}
+	git_print_page_path($file_name);
 	print "<div class=\"page_body\">\n";
 	print "<table cellspacing=\"0\">\n";
 	my $alternate = 0;
@@ -1687,7 +1709,7 @@ sub git_tree {
 			      "<td class=\"link\">" .
 			      $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=blob;h=$t_hash$base_key;f=$base$t_name")}, "blob") .
 #			      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=blame;h=$t_hash$base_key;f=$base$t_name")}, "blame") .
-			      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=history;h=$hash_base;f=$base$t_name")}, "history") .
+			      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=history;h=$t_hash;hb=$hash_base;f=$base$t_name")}, "history") .
 			      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=blob_plain;h=$t_hash;f=$base$t_name")}, "raw") .
 			      "</td>\n";
 		} elsif ($t_type eq "tree") {
@@ -1696,7 +1718,7 @@ sub git_tree {
 			      "</td>\n" .
 			      "<td class=\"link\">" .
 			      $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=tree;h=$t_hash$base_key;f=$base$t_name")}, "tree") .
-			      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=history;h=$hash_base;f=$base$t_name")}, "history") .
+			      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=history;hb=$hash_base;f=$base$t_name")}, "history") .
 			      "</td>\n";
 		}
 		print "</tr>\n";
@@ -2041,7 +2063,7 @@ sub git_commit {
 			      "<td><span class=\"file_status deleted\">[deleted " . file_type($from_mode). "]</span></td>\n" .
 			      "<td class=\"link\">" .
 			      $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=blob;h=$from_id;hb=$hash;f=$file")}, "blob") .
-			      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=history;h=$hash;f=$file")}, "history") .
+			      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=history;hb=$hash;f=$file")}, "history") .
 			      "</td>\n"
 		} elsif ($status eq "M" || $status eq "T") {
 			my $mode_chnge = "";
@@ -2072,7 +2094,7 @@ sub git_commit {
 			if ($to_id ne $from_id) {
 				print " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=blobdiff;h=$to_id;hp=$from_id;hb=$hash;f=$file")}, "diff");
 			}
-			print " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=history;h=$hash;f=$file")}, "history") . "\n";
+			print " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=history;hb=$hash;f=$file")}, "history") . "\n";
 			print "</td>\n";
 		} elsif ($status eq "R") {
 			my ($from_file, $to_file) = split "\t", $file;
@@ -2120,9 +2142,7 @@ sub git_blobdiff {
 		      "<br/><br/></div>\n" .
 		      "<div class=\"title\">$hash vs $hash_parent</div>\n";
 	}
-	if (defined $file_name) {
-		print "<div class=\"page_path\"><b>/" . esc_html($file_name) . "</b></div>\n";
-	}
+	git_print_page_path($file_name, "blob");
 	print "<div class=\"page_body\">\n" .
 	      "<div class=\"diff_info\">blob:" .
 	      $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=blob;h=$hash_parent;hb=$hash_base;f=$file_name")}, $hash_parent) .
@@ -2293,10 +2313,11 @@ sub git_commitdiff_plain {
 }
 
 sub git_history {
-	if (!defined $hash) {
-		$hash = git_read_head($project);
+	if (!defined $hash_base) {
+		$hash_base = git_read_head($project);
 	}
-	my %co = git_read_commit($hash);
+	my $ftype;
+	my %co = git_read_commit($hash_base);
 	if (!%co) {
 		die_error(undef, "Unknown commit object.");
 	}
@@ -2306,18 +2327,24 @@ sub git_history {
 	      $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=summary")}, "summary") .
 	      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=shortlog")}, "shortlog") .
 	      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=log")}, "log") .
-	      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=commit;h=$hash")}, "commit") .
-	      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=commitdiff;h=$hash")}, "commitdiff") .
-	      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=tree;h=$co{'tree'};hb=$hash")}, "tree") .
+	      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=commit;h=$hash_base")}, "commit") .
+	      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=commitdiff;h=$hash_base")}, "commitdiff") .
+	      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=tree;h=$co{'tree'};hb=$hash_base")}, "tree") .
 	      "<br/><br/>\n" .
 	      "</div>\n";
 	print "<div>\n" .
-	      $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=commit;h=$hash"), -class => "title"}, esc_html($co{'title'})) . "\n" .
+	      $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=commit;h=$hash_base"), -class => "title"}, esc_html($co{'title'})) . "\n" .
 	      "</div>\n";
-	print "<div class=\"page_path\"><b>/" . esc_html($file_name) . "</b><br/></div>\n";
+	if (!defined $hash && defined $file_name) {
+		$hash = git_get_hash_by_path($hash_base, $file_name);
+	}
+	if (defined $hash) {
+		$ftype = git_get_type($hash);
+	}
+	git_print_page_path($file_name, $ftype);
 
 	open my $fd, "-|",
-		"$GIT rev-list --full-history $hash -- \'$file_name\'";
+		"$GIT rev-list --full-history $hash_base -- \'$file_name\'";
 	print "<table cellspacing=\"0\">\n";
 	my $alternate = 0;
 	while (my $line = <$fd>) {
@@ -2345,7 +2372,7 @@ sub git_history {
 			      $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=commit;h=$commit")}, "commit") .
 			      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=commitdiff;h=$commit")}, "commitdiff") .
 			      " | " . $cgi->a({-href => "$my_uri?" . esc_param("p=$project;a=blob;hb=$commit;f=$file_name")}, "blob");
-			my $blob = git_get_hash_by_path($hash, $file_name);
+			my $blob = git_get_hash_by_path($hash_base, $file_name);
 			my $blob_parent = git_get_hash_by_path($commit, $file_name);
 			if (defined $blob && defined $blob_parent && $blob ne $blob_parent) {
 				print " | " .
diff --git a/http-fetch.c b/http-fetch.c
index 12493fbed2..1aad39b4d8 100644
--- a/http-fetch.c
+++ b/http-fetch.c
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ enum XML_Status {
 #define PREV_BUF_SIZE 4096
 #define RANGE_HEADER_SIZE 30
 
+static int commits_on_stdin = 0;
+
 static int got_alternates = -1;
 static int corrupt_object_found = 0;
 
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ static struct curl_slist *no_pragma_header;
 
 struct alt_base
 {
-	char *base;
+	const char *base;
 	int path_len;
 	int got_indices;
 	struct packed_git *packs;
@@ -81,7 +83,7 @@ struct object_request
 };
 
 struct alternates_request {
-	char *base;
+	const char *base;
 	char *url;
 	struct buffer *buffer;
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
@@ -142,7 +144,7 @@ static size_t fwrite_sha1_file(void *ptr, size_t eltsize, size_t nmemb,
 	return size;
 }
 
-static void fetch_alternates(char *base);
+static void fetch_alternates(const char *base);
 
 static void process_object_response(void *callback_data);
 
@@ -507,7 +509,7 @@ static void process_alternates_response(void *callback_data)
 		(struct alternates_request *)callback_data;
 	struct active_request_slot *slot = alt_req->slot;
 	struct alt_base *tail = alt;
-	char *base = alt_req->base;
+	const char *base = alt_req->base;
 	static const char null_byte = '\0';
 	char *data;
 	int i = 0;
@@ -612,7 +614,7 @@ static void process_alternates_response(void *callback_data)
 	got_alternates = 1;
 }
 
-static void fetch_alternates(char *base)
+static void fetch_alternates(const char *base)
 {
 	struct buffer buffer;
 	char *url;
@@ -1185,7 +1187,7 @@ int fetch_ref(char *ref, unsigned char *sha1)
         char *url;
         char hex[42];
         struct buffer buffer;
-	char *base = alt->base;
+	const char *base = alt->base;
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
 	struct slot_results results;
         buffer.size = 41;
@@ -1214,10 +1216,12 @@ int fetch_ref(char *ref, unsigned char *sha1)
         return 0;
 }
 
-int main(int argc, char **argv)
+int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
-	char *commit_id;
-	char *url;
+	int commits;
+	const char **write_ref = NULL;
+	char **commit_id;
+	const char *url;
 	char *path;
 	int arg = 1;
 	int rc = 0;
@@ -1237,20 +1241,26 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		} else if (argv[arg][1] == 'v') {
 			get_verbosely = 1;
 		} else if (argv[arg][1] == 'w') {
-			write_ref = argv[arg + 1];
+			write_ref = &argv[arg + 1];
 			arg++;
 		} else if (!strcmp(argv[arg], "--recover")) {
 			get_recover = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(argv[arg], "--stdin")) {
+			commits_on_stdin = 1;
 		}
 		arg++;
 	}
-	if (argc < arg + 2) {
-		usage("git-http-fetch [-c] [-t] [-a] [-d] [-v] [--recover] [-w ref] commit-id url");
+	if (argc < arg + 2 - commits_on_stdin) {
+		usage("git-http-fetch [-c] [-t] [-a] [-v] [--recover] [-w ref] [--stdin] commit-id url");
 		return 1;
 	}
-	commit_id = argv[arg];
-	url = argv[arg + 1];
-	write_ref_log_details = url;
+	if (commits_on_stdin) {
+		commits = pull_targets_stdin(&commit_id, &write_ref);
+	} else {
+		commit_id = (char **) &argv[arg++];
+		commits = 1;
+	}
+	url = argv[arg];
 
 	http_init();
 
@@ -1268,13 +1278,16 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 			alt->path_len = strlen(path);
 	}
 
-	if (pull(commit_id))
+	if (pull(commits, commit_id, write_ref, url))
 		rc = 1;
 
 	http_cleanup();
 
 	curl_slist_free_all(no_pragma_header);
 
+	if (commits_on_stdin)
+		pull_targets_free(commits, commit_id, write_ref);
+
 	if (corrupt_object_found) {
 		fprintf(stderr,
 "Some loose object were found to be corrupt, but they might be just\n"
diff --git a/http-push.c b/http-push.c
index 47686195cd..4021e7d927 100644
--- a/http-push.c
+++ b/http-push.c
@@ -2521,7 +2521,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 			commit_argv[3] = old_sha1_hex;
 			commit_argc++;
 		}
-		init_revisions(&revs);
+		init_revisions(&revs, setup_git_directory());
 		setup_revisions(commit_argc, commit_argv, &revs, NULL);
 		free(new_sha1_hex);
 		if (old_sha1_hex) {
diff --git a/local-fetch.c b/local-fetch.c
index ffa4887570..b216bdd557 100644
--- a/local-fetch.c
+++ b/local-fetch.c
@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@
 static int use_link = 0;
 static int use_symlink = 0;
 static int use_filecopy = 1;
+static int commits_on_stdin = 0;
 
-static char *path; /* "Remote" git repository */
+static const char *path; /* "Remote" git repository */
 
 void prefetch(unsigned char *sha1)
 {
@@ -194,17 +195,19 @@ int fetch_ref(char *ref, unsigned char *sha1)
 }
 
 static const char local_pull_usage[] =
-"git-local-fetch [-c] [-t] [-a] [-d] [-v] [-w filename] [--recover] [-l] [-s] [-n] commit-id path";
+"git-local-fetch [-c] [-t] [-a] [-v] [-w filename] [--recover] [-l] [-s] [-n] [--stdin] commit-id path";
 
-/* 
+/*
  * By default we only use file copy.
  * If -l is specified, a hard link is attempted.
  * If -s is specified, then a symlink is attempted.
  * If -n is _not_ specified, then a regular file-to-file copy is done.
  */
-int main(int argc, char **argv)
+int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
-	char *commit_id;
+	int commits;
+	const char **write_ref = NULL;
+	char **commit_id;
 	int arg = 1;
 
 	setup_git_directory();
@@ -229,21 +232,30 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		else if (argv[arg][1] == 'v')
 			get_verbosely = 1;
 		else if (argv[arg][1] == 'w')
-			write_ref = argv[++arg];
+			write_ref = &argv[++arg];
 		else if (!strcmp(argv[arg], "--recover"))
 			get_recover = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[arg], "--stdin"))
+			commits_on_stdin = 1;
 		else
 			usage(local_pull_usage);
 		arg++;
 	}
-	if (argc < arg + 2)
+	if (argc < arg + 2 - commits_on_stdin)
 		usage(local_pull_usage);
-	commit_id = argv[arg];
-	path = argv[arg + 1];
-	write_ref_log_details = path;
+	if (commits_on_stdin) {
+		commits = pull_targets_stdin(&commit_id, &write_ref);
+	} else {
+		commit_id = (char **) &argv[arg++];
+		commits = 1;
+	}
+	path = argv[arg];
 
-	if (pull(commit_id))
+	if (pull(commits, commit_id, write_ref, path))
 		return 1;
 
+	if (commits_on_stdin)
+		pull_targets_free(commits, commit_id, write_ref);
+
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/refs.c b/refs.c
index 56db394459..02850b6908 100644
--- a/refs.c
+++ b/refs.c
@@ -294,6 +294,7 @@ static struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1_basic(const char *path,
 	int plen,
 	const unsigned char *old_sha1, int mustexist)
 {
+	const char *orig_path = path;
 	struct ref_lock *lock;
 	struct stat st;
 
@@ -303,7 +304,11 @@ static struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1_basic(const char *path,
 	plen = strlen(path) - plen;
 	path = resolve_ref(path, lock->old_sha1, mustexist);
 	if (!path) {
+		int last_errno = errno;
+		error("unable to resolve reference %s: %s",
+			orig_path, strerror(errno));
 		unlock_ref(lock);
+		errno = last_errno;
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	lock->lk = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
diff --git a/revision.c b/revision.c
index 874e349db8..a58257ad80 100644
--- a/revision.c
+++ b/revision.c
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ static int add_parents_only(struct rev_info *revs, const char *arg, int flags)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-void init_revisions(struct rev_info *revs)
+void init_revisions(struct rev_info *revs, const char *prefix)
 {
 	memset(revs, 0, sizeof(*revs));
 
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ void init_revisions(struct rev_info *revs)
 	revs->pruning.change = file_change;
 	revs->lifo = 1;
 	revs->dense = 1;
-	revs->prefix = setup_git_directory();
+	revs->prefix = prefix;
 	revs->max_age = -1;
 	revs->min_age = -1;
 	revs->max_count = -1;
diff --git a/revision.h b/revision.h
index e23ec8f45a..0c3b8d9905 100644
--- a/revision.h
+++ b/revision.h
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ struct rev_info {
 extern int rev_same_tree_as_empty(struct rev_info *, struct tree *t1);
 extern int rev_compare_tree(struct rev_info *, struct tree *t1, struct tree *t2);
 
-extern void init_revisions(struct rev_info *revs);
+extern void init_revisions(struct rev_info *revs, const char *prefix);
 extern int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, const char *def);
 extern void prepare_revision_walk(struct rev_info *revs);
 extern struct commit *get_revision(struct rev_info *revs);
diff --git a/ssh-fetch.c b/ssh-fetch.c
index 28f7fd9174..6e16568f88 100644
--- a/ssh-fetch.c
+++ b/ssh-fetch.c
@@ -120,9 +120,10 @@ int fetch_ref(char *ref, unsigned char *sha1)
 
 static const char ssh_fetch_usage[] =
   MY_PROGRAM_NAME
-  " [-c] [-t] [-a] [-v] [-d] [--recover] [-w ref] commit-id url";
+  " [-c] [-t] [-a] [-v] [--recover] [-w ref] commit-id url";
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
+	const char *write_ref = NULL;
 	char *commit_id;
 	char *url;
 	int arg = 1;
@@ -159,7 +160,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	}
 	commit_id = argv[arg];
 	url = argv[arg + 1];
-	write_ref_log_details = url;
 
 	if (setup_connection(&fd_in, &fd_out, prog, url, arg, argv + 1))
 		return 1;
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if (get_version())
 		return 1;
 
-	if (pull(commit_id))
+	if (pull(1, &commit_id, &write_ref, url))
 		return 1;
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
index 04fab26621..ddc80bbeae 100755
--- a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ D=4444444444444444444444444444444444444444
 E=5555555555555555555555555555555555555555
 F=6666666666666666666666666666666666666666
 m=refs/heads/master
+n_dir=refs/heads/gu
+n=$n_dir/fixes
 
 test_expect_success \
 	"create $m" \
@@ -25,6 +27,16 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 test $B = $(cat .git/$m)'
 rm -f .git/$m
 
+test_expect_success \
+	"fail to create $n" \
+	'touch .git/$n_dir
+	 git-update-ref $n $A >out 2>err
+	 test $? = 1 &&
+	 test "" = "$(cat out)" &&
+	 grep "error: unable to resolve reference" err &&
+	 grep $n err'
+rm -f .git/$n_dir out err
+
 test_expect_success \
 	"create $m (by HEAD)" \
 	'git-update-ref HEAD $A &&
diff --git a/t/t4102-apply-rename.sh b/t/t4102-apply-rename.sh
index fbb508d389..22da6a00cc 100755
--- a/t/t4102-apply-rename.sh
+++ b/t/t4102-apply-rename.sh
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ test_description='git-apply handling copy/rename patch.
 cat >test-patch <<\EOF
 diff --git a/foo b/bar
 similarity index 47%
-copy from foo
-copy to bar
+rename from foo
+rename to bar
 --- a/foo
 +++ b/bar
 @@ -1 +1 @@
@@ -39,4 +39,24 @@ else
 	    'test -f bar && ls -l bar | grep "^-..x......"'
 fi
 
+test_expect_success 'apply reverse' \
+    'git-apply -R --index --stat --summary --apply test-patch &&
+     test "$(cat foo)" = "This is foo"'
+
+cat >test-patch <<\EOF
+diff --git a/foo b/bar
+similarity index 47%
+copy from foo
+copy to bar
+--- a/foo
++++ b/bar
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-This is foo
++This is bar
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'apply copy' \
+    'git-apply --index --stat --summary --apply test-patch &&
+     test "$(cat bar)" = "This is bar" -a "$(cat foo)" = "This is foo"'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh b/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
index 00bd8b15c6..ff052699a2 100755
--- a/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
+++ b/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ git-commit -m 'Second Version'
 git-diff-tree -p master binary >B.diff
 git-diff-tree -p -C master binary >C.diff
 
-git-diff-tree -p --full-index master binary >BF.diff
-git-diff-tree -p --full-index -C master binary >CF.diff
+git-diff-tree -p --binary master binary >BF.diff
+git-diff-tree -p --binary -C master binary >CF.diff
 
 test_expect_success 'stat binary diff -- should not fail.' \
 	'git-checkout master