Update tutorial.txt branches/tags to use the nicer helper syntax
Teach people to use "git tag <tag-name>" instead of writing the current HEAD by hand into the .git/refs/tags/<tag-name> file. Most people probably don't really want to know about how git does things internally.
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@ -472,10 +472,11 @@ A "light" tag is technically nothing more than a branch, except we put
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it in the ".git/refs/tags/" subdirectory instead of calling it a "head".
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So the simplest form of tag involves nothing more than
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cat .git/HEAD > .git/refs/tags/my-first-tag
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git tag my-first-tag
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after which point you can use this symbolic name for that particular
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state. You can, for example, do
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which just writes the current HEAD into the .git/refs/tags/my-first-tag
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file, after which point you can then use this symbolic name for that
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particular state. You can, for example, do
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git diff my-first-tag
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@ -487,9 +488,9 @@ since you tagged it.
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A "signed tag" is actually a real git object, and contains not only a
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pointer to the state you want to tag, but also a small tag name and
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message, along with a PGP signature that says that yes, you really did
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that tag. You create these signed tags with
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that tag. You create these signed tags with the "-s" flag to "git tag":
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git tag <tagname>
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git tag -s <tagname>
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which will sign the current HEAD (but you can also give it another
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argument that specifies the thing to tag, ie you could have tagged the
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@ -620,7 +621,7 @@ repository, and checked it out.
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---------------------
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Branches in git are really nothing more than pointers into the git
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object space from within the ",git/refs/" subdirectory, and as we
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object space from within the ".git/refs/" subdirectory, and as we
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already discussed, the HEAD branch is nothing but a symlink to one of
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these object pointers.
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@ -632,36 +633,45 @@ want (and indeed, subdirectories), but the convention is that the
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and nothing enforces it.
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To show that as an example, let's go back to the git-tutorial archive we
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used earlier, and create a branch in it. You literally do that by just
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creating a new SHA1 reference file, and switch to it by just making the
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HEAD pointer point to it:
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used earlier, and create a branch in it. You do that by simply just
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saying that you want to check out a new branch:
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cat .git/HEAD > .git/refs/heads/mybranch
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ln -sf refs/heads/mybranch .git/HEAD
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git checkout -b mybranch
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and you're done.
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will create a new branch based at the current HEAD position, and switch
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to it.
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Now, if you make the decision to start your new branch at some other
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point in the history than the current HEAD, you usually also want to
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actually switch the contents of your working directory to that point
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when you switch the head, and "git checkout" will do that for you:
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instead of switching the branch by hand with "ln -sf", you can just do
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[ Side note: if you make the decision to start your new branch at some
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other point in the history than the current HEAD, you can do so by
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just telling "git checkout" what the base of the checkout would be.
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In other words, if you have an earlier tag or branch, you'd just do
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git checkout mybranch
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git checkout -b mybranch earlier-branch
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which will basically "jump" to the branch specified, update your working
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directory to that state, and also make it become the new default HEAD.
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and it would create the new branch "mybranch" at the earlier point,
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and check out the state at that time. ]
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You can always just jump back to your original "master" branch by doing
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git checkout master
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and if you forget which branch you happen to be on, a simple
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(or any other branch-name, for that matter) and if you forget which
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branch you happen to be on, a simple
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ls -l .git/HEAD
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will tell you where it's pointing.
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NOTE! Sometimes you may wish to create a new branch _without_ actually
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checking it out and switching to it. If so, just use the command
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git branch <branchname> [startingpoint]
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which will simply _create_ the branch, but will not do anything further.
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You can then later - once you decide that you want to actually develop
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on that branch - switch to that branch with a regular "git checkout"
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with the branchname as the argument.
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Merging two branches
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--------------------
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