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user-manual: miscellaneous editing

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I cherry-picked some additional miscellaneous fixes from those suggested
by Santi Béjar, including fixes to:

	- correct discussion of repository/HEAD->repository shortcut
	- add mention of git-mergetool
	- add mention of --track
	- mention "-f" as well as "+" for fetch

Cc: Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: "J. Bruce Fields" <bfields@citi.umich.edu>
This commit is contained in:
J. Bruce Fields 2007-05-07 00:56:45 -04:00
parent 58c19d1f95
commit c64415e29e
1 changed files with 47 additions and 35 deletions
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82
Documentation/user-manual.txt
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@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Managing branches
----------------- -----------------
----------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------
$ git branch # list all branches in this repo $ git branch # list all local branches in this repo
$ git checkout test # switch working directory to branch "test" $ git checkout test # switch working directory to branch "test"
$ git branch new # create branch "new" starting at current HEAD $ git branch new # create branch "new" starting at current HEAD
$ git branch -d new # delete branch "new" $ git branch -d new # delete branch "new"
@ -496,8 +496,8 @@ git branch <branch> <start-point>::
including using a branch name or a tag name including using a branch name or a tag name
git branch -d <branch>:: git branch -d <branch>::
delete the branch <branch>; if the branch you are deleting delete the branch <branch>; if the branch you are deleting
points to a commit which is not reachable from this branch, points to a commit which is not reachable from the current
this command will fail with a warning. branch, this command will fail with a warning.
git branch -D <branch>:: git branch -D <branch>::
even if the branch points to a commit not reachable even if the branch points to a commit not reachable
from the current branch, you may know that that commit from the current branch, you may know that that commit
@ -602,13 +602,9 @@ shorthand:
The full name is occasionally useful if, for example, there ever The full name is occasionally useful if, for example, there ever
exists a tag and a branch with the same name. exists a tag and a branch with the same name.
As another useful shortcut, if the repository "origin" posesses only As another useful shortcut, the "HEAD" of a repository can be referred
a single branch, you can refer to that branch as just "origin". to just using the name of that repository. So, for example, "origin"
is usually a shortcut for the HEAD branch in the repository "origin".
More generally, if you have defined a remote repository named
"example", you can refer to the branch in that repository as
"example". And for a repository with multiple branches, this will
refer to the branch designated as the "HEAD" branch.
For the complete list of paths which git checks for references, and For the complete list of paths which git checks for references, and
the order it uses to decide which to choose when there are multiple the order it uses to decide which to choose when there are multiple
@ -832,10 +828,10 @@ $ git tag stable-1 1b2e1d63ff
You can use stable-1 to refer to the commit 1b2e1d63ff. You can use stable-1 to refer to the commit 1b2e1d63ff.
This creates a "lightweight" tag. If the tag is a tag you wish to This creates a "lightweight" tag. If you would also like to include a
share with others, and possibly sign cryptographically, then you comment with the tag, and possibly sign it cryptographically, then you
should create a tag object instead; see the gitlink:git-tag[1] man should create a tag object instead; see the gitlink:git-tag[1] man page
page for details. for details.
[[browsing-revisions]] [[browsing-revisions]]
Browsing revisions Browsing revisions
@ -1176,6 +1172,8 @@ $ git diff --cached # difference between HEAD and the index; what
$ git diff # difference between the index file and your $ git diff # difference between the index file and your
# working directory; changes that would not # working directory; changes that would not
# be included if you ran "commit" now. # be included if you ran "commit" now.
$ git diff HEAD # difference between HEAD and working tree; what
# would be committed if you ran "commit -a" now.
$ git status # a brief per-file summary of the above. $ git status # a brief per-file summary of the above.
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
@ -1223,8 +1221,6 @@ If you examine the resulting commit using gitk, you will see that it
has two parents, one pointing to the top of the current branch, and has two parents, one pointing to the top of the current branch, and
one to the top of the other branch. one to the top of the other branch.
In more detail:
[[resolving-a-merge]] [[resolving-a-merge]]
Resolving a merge Resolving a merge
----------------- -----------------
@ -1361,6 +1357,9 @@ $ gitk --merge
These will display all commits which exist only on HEAD or on These will display all commits which exist only on HEAD or on
MERGE_HEAD, and which touch an unmerged file. MERGE_HEAD, and which touch an unmerged file.
You may also use gitlink:git-mergetool, which lets you merge the
unmerged files using external tools such as emacs or kdiff3.
Each time you resolve the conflicts in a file and update the index: Each time you resolve the conflicts in a file and update the index:
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
@ -1705,9 +1704,16 @@ so often you can accomplish the above with just
$ git pull $ git pull
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
See the descriptions of the branch.<name>.remote and See the descriptions of the branch.<name>.remote and branch.<name>.merge
branch.<name>.merge options in gitlink:git-config[1] to learn options in gitlink:git-config[1] to learn how to control these defaults
how to control these defaults depending on the current branch. depending on the current branch. Also note that the --track option to
gitlink:git-branch[1] and gitlink:git-checkout[1] can be used to
automatically set the default remote branch to pull from at the time
that a branch is created:
-------------------------------------------------
$ git checkout --track -b origin/maint maint
-------------------------------------------------
In addition to saving you keystrokes, "git pull" also helps you by In addition to saving you keystrokes, "git pull" also helps you by
producing a default commit message documenting the branch and producing a default commit message documenting the branch and
@ -1830,14 +1836,14 @@ Now, assume your personal repository is in the directory ~/proj. We
first create a new clone of the repository: first create a new clone of the repository:
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
$ git clone --bare proj-clone.git $ git clone --bare proj.git
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
The resulting directory proj-clone.git will contains a "bare" git The resulting directory proj.git will contains a "bare" git
repository--it is just the contents of the ".git" directory, without repository--it is just the contents of the ".git" directory, without
a checked-out copy of a working directory. a checked-out copy of a working directory.
Next, copy proj-clone.git to the server where you plan to host the Next, copy proj.git to the server where you plan to host the
public repository. You can use scp, rsync, or whatever is most public repository. You can use scp, rsync, or whatever is most
convenient. convenient.
@ -1863,7 +1869,7 @@ adjustments to give web clients some extra information they need:
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
$ mv proj.git /home/you/public_html/proj.git $ mv proj.git /home/you/public_html/proj.git
$ cd proj.git $ cd proj.git
$ git update-server-info $ git --bare update-server-info
$ chmod a+x hooks/post-update $ chmod a+x hooks/post-update
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
@ -1930,7 +1936,7 @@ As with git-fetch, you may also set up configuration options to
save typing; so, for example, after save typing; so, for example, after
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
$ cat >.git/config <<EOF $ cat >>.git/config <<EOF
[remote "public-repo"] [remote "public-repo"]
url = ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git url = ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git
EOF EOF
@ -2312,9 +2318,15 @@ descendant of the old head, you may force the update with:
$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git +master:refs/remotes/example/master $ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git +master:refs/remotes/example/master
------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
Note the addition of the "+" sign. Be aware that commits that the Note the addition of the "+" sign. Alternatively, you can use the "-f"
old version of example/master pointed at may be lost, as we saw in flag to force updates of all the fetched branches, as in:
the previous section.
-------------------------------------------------
$ git fetch -f origin
-------------------------------------------------
Be aware that commits that the old version of example/master pointed at
may be lost, as we saw in the previous section.
[[remote-branch-configuration]] [[remote-branch-configuration]]
Configuring remote branches Configuring remote branches
@ -2400,7 +2412,7 @@ approximated by the SHA1 hash of the object itself. Objects may refer
to other objects (by referencing their SHA1 hash), and so you can to other objects (by referencing their SHA1 hash), and so you can
build up a hierarchy of objects. build up a hierarchy of objects.
All objects have a statically determined "type" aka "tag", which is All objects have a statically determined "type" which is
determined at object creation time, and which identifies the format of determined at object creation time, and which identifies the format of
the object (i.e. how it is used, and how it can refer to other the object (i.e. how it is used, and how it can refer to other
objects). There are currently four different object types: "blob", objects). There are currently four different object types: "blob",
@ -2423,7 +2435,7 @@ the time of the commit). In addition, a "commit" refers to one or more
that directory hierarchy. that directory hierarchy.
As a special case, a commit object with no parents is called the "root" As a special case, a commit object with no parents is called the "root"
object, and is the point of an initial project commit. Each project commit, and is the point of an initial project commit. Each project
must have at least one root, and while you can tie several different must have at least one root, and while you can tie several different
root objects together into one project by creating a commit object which root objects together into one project by creating a commit object which
has two or more separate roots as its ultimate parents, that's probably has two or more separate roots as its ultimate parents, that's probably
@ -2542,7 +2554,7 @@ that the tree is "good" or that the merge information makes sense.
The parents do not have to actually have any relationship with the The parents do not have to actually have any relationship with the
result, for example. result, for example.
Note on commits: unlike real SCM's, commits do not contain Note on commits: unlike some SCM's, commits do not contain
rename information or file mode change information. All of that is rename information or file mode change information. All of that is
implicit in the trees involved (the result tree, and the result trees implicit in the trees involved (the result tree, and the result trees
of the parents), and describing that makes no sense in this idiotic of the parents), and describing that makes no sense in this idiotic
@ -2609,7 +2621,7 @@ The "index" aka "Current Directory Cache"
----------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------
The index is a simple binary file, which contains an efficient The index is a simple binary file, which contains an efficient
representation of a virtual directory content at some random time. It representation of the contents of a virtual directory. It
does so by a simple array that associates a set of names, dates, does so by a simple array that associates a set of names, dates,
permissions and content (aka "blob") objects together. The cache is permissions and content (aka "blob") objects together. The cache is
always kept ordered by name, and names are unique (with a few very always kept ordered by name, and names are unique (with a few very
@ -2912,7 +2924,7 @@ since the tree object information is always the first line in a commit
object. object.
Once you know the three trees you are going to merge (the one "original" Once you know the three trees you are going to merge (the one "original"
tree, aka the common case, and the two "result" trees, aka the branches tree, aka the common tree, and the two "result" trees, aka the branches
you want to merge), you do a "merge" read into the index. This will you want to merge), you do a "merge" read into the index. This will
complain if it has to throw away your old index contents, so you should complain if it has to throw away your old index contents, so you should
make sure that you've committed those - in fact you would normally make sure that you've committed those - in fact you would normally
@ -2966,14 +2978,14 @@ obviously the final outcome is what is in `HEAD`. What the
above example shows is that file `hello.c` was changed from above example shows is that file `hello.c` was changed from
`$orig` to `HEAD` and `$orig` to `$target` in a different way. `$orig` to `HEAD` and `$orig` to `$target` in a different way.
You could resolve this by running your favorite 3-way merge You could resolve this by running your favorite 3-way merge
program, e.g. `diff3` or `merge`, on the blob objects from program, e.g. `diff3`, `merge`, or git's own merge-file, on
these three stages yourself, like this: the blob objects from these three stages yourself, like this:
------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------
$ git-cat-file blob 263414f... >hello.c~1 $ git-cat-file blob 263414f... >hello.c~1
$ git-cat-file blob 06fa6a2... >hello.c~2 $ git-cat-file blob 06fa6a2... >hello.c~2
$ git-cat-file blob cc44c73... >hello.c~3 $ git-cat-file blob cc44c73... >hello.c~3
$ merge hello.c~2 hello.c~1 hello.c~3 $ git merge-file hello.c~2 hello.c~1 hello.c~3
------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------
This would leave the merge result in `hello.c~2` file, along This would leave the merge result in `hello.c~2` file, along