read-cache: leave lock in right state in write_locked_index()

If the original version of `write_locked_index()` returned with an
error, it didn't roll back the lockfile unless the error occured at the
very end, during closing/committing. See commit 03b866477 (read-cache:
new API write_locked_index instead of write_index/write_cache,
2014-06-13).

In commit 9f41c7a6b (read-cache: close index.lock in do_write_index,
2017-04-26), we learned to close the lock slightly earlier in the
callstack. That was mostly a side-effect of lockfiles being implemented
using temporary files, but didn't cause any real harm.

Recently, commit 076aa2cbd (tempfile: auto-allocate tempfiles on heap,
2017-09-05) introduced a subtle bug. If the temporary file is deleted
(i.e., the lockfile is rolled back), the tempfile-pointer in the `struct
lock_file` will be left dangling. Thus, an attempt to reuse the
lockfile, or even just to roll it back, will induce undefined behavior
-- most likely a crash.

Besides not crashing, we clearly want to make things consistent. The
guarantees which the lockfile-machinery itself provides is A) if we ask
to commit and it fails, roll back, and B) if we ask to close and it
fails, do _not_ roll back. Let's do the same for consistency.

Do not delete the temporary file in `do_write_index()`. One of its
callers, `write_locked_index()` will thereby avoid rolling back the
lock. The other caller, `write_shared_index()`, will delete its
temporary file anyway. Both of these callers will avoid undefined
behavior (crashing).

Teach `write_locked_index(..., COMMIT_LOCK)` to roll back the lock
before returning. If we have already succeeded and committed, it will be
a noop. Simplify the existing callers where we now have a superfluous
call to `rollback_lockfile()`. That should keep future readers from
wondering why the callers are inconsistent.

Signed-off-by: Martin Ågren <martin.agren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

builtin/difftool.c

@@ -616,7 +616,6 @@ static int run_dir_diff(const char *extcmd, int symlinks, const char *prefix,
 			if (hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, buf.buf, 0) < 0 ||
 			    write_locked_index(&wtindex, &lock, COMMIT_LOCK)) {
 				ret = error("could not write %s", buf.buf);
-				rollback_lock_file(&lock);
 				goto finish;
 			}
 			changed_files(&wt_modified, buf.buf, workdir);

cache.h

@@ -616,6 +616,10 @@ extern int read_index_unmerged(struct index_state *);
  * split index to the lockfile. If the temporary file for the shared
  * index cannot be created, fall back to the behavior described in
  * the previous paragraph.
+ *
+ * With `COMMIT_LOCK`, the lock is always committed or rolled back.
+ * Without it, the lock is closed, but neither committed nor rolled
+ * back.
  */
 extern int write_locked_index(struct index_state *, struct lock_file *lock, unsigned flags);
 

merge.c

@@ -91,9 +91,7 @@ int checkout_fast_forward(const struct object_id *head,
 	}
 	if (unpack_trees(nr_trees, t, &opts))
 		return -1;
-	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK)) {
+	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
-		rollback_lock_file(&lock_file);
 		return error(_("unable to write new index file"));
-	}
 	return 0;
 }

read-cache.c

@@ -2182,9 +2182,8 @@ static int has_racy_timestamp(struct index_state *istate)
 void update_index_if_able(struct index_state *istate, struct lock_file *lockfile)
 {
 	if ((istate->cache_changed || has_racy_timestamp(istate)) &&
-	    verify_index(istate) &&
+	    verify_index(istate))
-	    write_locked_index(istate, lockfile, COMMIT_LOCK))
+		write_locked_index(istate, lockfile, COMMIT_LOCK);
-		rollback_lock_file(lockfile);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2321,7 +2320,6 @@ static int do_write_index(struct index_state *istate, struct tempfile *tempfile,
 		return -1;
 	if (close_tempfile_gently(tempfile)) {
 		error(_("could not close '%s'"), tempfile->filename.buf);
-		delete_tempfile(&tempfile);
 		return -1;
 	}
 	if (stat(tempfile->filename.buf, &st))
@@ -2501,7 +2499,8 @@ int write_locked_index(struct index_state *istate, struct lock_file *lock,
 	    (istate->cache_changed & ~EXTMASK)) {
 		if (si)
 			hashclr(si->base_sha1);
-		return do_write_locked_index(istate, lock, flags);
+		ret = do_write_locked_index(istate, lock, flags);
+		goto out;
 	}
 
 	if (getenv("GIT_TEST_SPLIT_INDEX")) {
@@ -2517,7 +2516,7 @@ int write_locked_index(struct index_state *istate, struct lock_file *lock,
 	if (new_shared_index) {
 		ret = write_shared_index(istate, lock, flags);
 		if (ret)
-			return ret;
+			goto out;
 	}
 
 	ret = write_split_index(istate, lock, flags);
@@ -2526,6 +2525,9 @@ int write_locked_index(struct index_state *istate, struct lock_file *lock,
 	if (!ret && !new_shared_index)
 		freshen_shared_index(sha1_to_hex(si->base_sha1), 1);
 
+out:
+	if (flags & COMMIT_LOCK)
+		rollback_lock_file(lock);
 	return ret;
 }
 

sequencer.c

@@ -1183,7 +1183,6 @@ static int read_and_refresh_cache(struct replay_opts *opts)
 	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 	if (the_index.cache_changed && index_fd >= 0) {
 		if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, COMMIT_LOCK)) {
-			rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
 			return error(_("git %s: failed to refresh the index"),
 				_(action_name(opts)));
 		}