To libify `git apply` functionality we must make check_apply_state()
usable outside "builtin/apply.c".
Let's do that by moving it into "apply.c".
Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
To libify `git apply` functionality we have to signal errors to the
caller instead of die()ing.
To do that in a compatible manner with the rest of the error handling
in "builtin/apply.c", check_apply_state() should return -1 instead of
calling die().
Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
To libify `git apply` functionality we have to signal errors to the
caller instead of exit()ing.
To do that in a compatible manner with the rest of the error handling
in "builtin/apply.c", init_apply_state() should return -1 instead of
calling exit().
Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
To libify `git apply` functionality we must make init_apply_state()
usable outside "builtin/apply.c".
Let's do that by moving it into a new "apply.c".
Helped-by: Eric Sunshine <sunshine@sunshineco.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
To libify `git apply` functionality we have to signal errors to the
caller instead of die()ing.
To do that in a compatible manner with the rest of the error handling
in "builtin/apply.c", parse_ignorewhitespace_option() should return
-1 instead of calling die().
Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
To libify `git apply` functionality we have to signal errors to the
caller instead of die()ing.
To do that in a compatible manner with the rest of the error handling
in builtin/apply.c, parse_whitespace_option() should return -1 instead
of calling die().
Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
To libify `git apply` functionality we have to signal errors to the
caller instead of die()ing.
To do that in a compatible manner with the rest of the error handling
in builtin/apply.c, parse_single_patch() should return a negative
integer instead of calling die().
Let's do that by using error() and let's adjust the related test
cases accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
To libify `git apply` functionality we have to signal errors to the
caller instead of die()ing or exit()ing.
To do that in a compatible manner with the rest of the error handling
in builtin/apply.c, parse_chunk() should return a negative integer
instead of calling die() or exit().
As parse_chunk() is called only by apply_patch() which already
returns either -1 or -128 when an error happened, let's make it also
return -1 or -128.
This makes it compatible with what find_header() and parse_binary()
already return.
Helped-by: Eric Sunshine <sunshine@sunshineco.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
To libify `git apply` functionality we have to signal errors to the
caller instead of die()ing.
To do that in a compatible manner with the rest of the error handling
in builtin/apply.c, let's make find_header() return -128 instead of
calling die().
We could make it return -1, unfortunately find_header() already
returns -1 when no header is found.
Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
To libify `git apply` functionality we have to signal errors to the
caller instead of die()ing. Let's do that by returning -1 instead of
die()ing in read_patch_file().
Helped-by: Stefan Beller <sbeller@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
To libify `git apply` functionality we have to signal errors
to the caller instead of die()ing.
As a first step in this direction, let's make apply_patch() return
-1 or -128 in case of errors instead of dying. For now its only
caller apply_all_patches() will exit(128) when apply_patch()
return -128 and it will exit(1) when it returns -1.
We exit() with code 128 because that was what die() was doing
and we want to keep the distinction between exiting with code 1
and exiting with code 128.
Helped-by: Eric Sunshine <sunshine@sunshineco.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
To libify `git apply` functionality we must make 'struct apply_state'
usable outside "builtin/apply.c".
Let's do that by creating a new "apply.h" and moving
'struct apply_state' there.
Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
To prepare for some structs and constants being moved from
builtin/apply.c to apply.h, we should give them some more
specific names to avoid possible name collisions in the global
namespace.
Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
This commit message is long and has lots of background and
numbers. The summary is: the current default of 250 doesn't
save much space, and costs CPU. It's not a good tradeoff.
Read on for details.
The "--aggressive" flag to git-gc does three things:
1. use "-f" to throw out existing deltas and recompute from
scratch
2. use "--window=250" to look harder for deltas
3. use "--depth=250" to make longer delta chains
Items (1) and (2) are good matches for an "aggressive"
repack. They ask the repack to do more computation work in
the hopes of getting a better pack. You pay the costs during
the repack, and other operations see only the benefit.
Item (3) is not so clear. Allowing longer chains means fewer
restrictions on the deltas, which means potentially finding
better ones and saving some space. But it also means that
operations which access the deltas have to follow longer
chains, which affects their performance. So it's a tradeoff,
and it's not clear that the tradeoff is even a good one.
The existing "250" numbers for "--aggressive" come
originally from this thread:
http://public-inbox.org/git/alpine.LFD.0.9999.0712060803430.13796@woody.linux-foundation.org/
where Linus says:
So when I said "--depth=250 --window=250", I chose those
numbers more as an example of extremely aggressive
packing, and I'm not at all sure that the end result is
necessarily wonderfully usable. It's going to save disk
space (and network bandwidth - the delta's will be re-used
for the network protocol too!), but there are definitely
downsides too, and using long delta chains may
simply not be worth it in practice.
There are some numbers in that thread, but they're mostly
focused on the improved window size, and measure the
improvement from --depth=250 and --window=250 together.
E.g.:
http://public-inbox.org/git/9e4733910712062006l651571f3w7f76ce64c6650dff@mail.gmail.com/
talks about the improved run-time of "git-blame", which
comes from the reduced pack size. But most of that reduction
is coming from --window=250, whereas most of the extra costs
come from --depth=250. There's a link in that thread showing
that increasing the depth beyond 50 doesn't seem to help
much with the size:
https://vcscompare.blogspot.com/2008/06/git-repack-parameters.html
but again, no discussion of the timing impact.
In an earlier thread from Ted Ts'o which discussed setting
the non-aggressive default (from 10 to 50):
http://public-inbox.org/git/20070509134958.GA21489%40thunk.org/
we have more numbers, with the conclusion that going past 50
does not help size much, and hurts the speed of normal
operations.
So from that, we might guess that 50 is actually a sweet
spot, even for aggressive, if we interpret aggressive to
"spend time now to make a better pack". It is not clear that
"--depth=250" is actually a better pack. It may be slightly
_smaller_, but it carries a run-time penalty.
Here are some more recent timings I did to verify that. They
show three things:
- the size of the resulting pack (so disk saved to store,
bandwidth saved on clones/fetches)
- the cost of "rev-list --objects --all", which shows the
effect of the delta chains on trees (commits typically
don't delta, and the command doesn't touch the blobs at
all)
- the cost of "log -Sfoo", which will additionally access
each blob
All cases were repacked with "git repack -adf --depth=$d
--window=250" (so basically, what would happen if we tweaked
the "gc --aggressive" default depth).
The timings are all wall-clock best-of-3. The machine itself
has plenty of RAM compared to the repositories (which is
probably typical of most workstations these days), so we're
really measuring CPU usage, as the whole thing will be in
disk cache after the first run.
The core.deltaBaseCacheLimit is at its default of 96MiB.
It's possible that tweaking it would have some impact on the
tests, as some of them (especially "log -S" on a large repo)
are likely to overflow that. But bumping that carries a
run-time memory cost, so for these tests, I focused on what
we could do just with the on-disk pack tradeoffs.
Each test is done for four depths: 250 (the current value),
50 (the current default that tested well previously), 100
(to show something on the larger side, which previous tests
showed was not a good tradeoff), and 10 (the very old
default, which previous tests showed was worse than 50).
Here are the numbers for linux.git:
depth | size | % | rev-list | % | log -Sfoo | %
-------+-------+-------+----------+--------+-----------+-------
250 | 967MB | n/a | 48.159s | n/a | 378.088 | n/a
100 | 971MB | +0.4% | 41.471s | -13.9% | 342.060 | -9.5%
50 | 979MB | +1.2% | 37.778s | -21.6% | 311.040s | -17.7%
10 | 1.1GB | +6.6% | 32.518s | -32.5% | 279.890s | -25.9%
and for git.git:
depth | size | % | rev-list | % | log -Sfoo | %
-------+-------+-------+----------+--------+-----------+-------
250 | 48MB | n/a | 2.215s | n/a | 20.922s | n/a
100 | 49MB | +0.5% | 2.140s | -3.4% | 17.736s | -15.2%
50 | 49MB | +1.7% | 2.099s | -5.2% | 15.418s | -26.3%
10 | 53MB | +9.3% | 2.001s | -9.7% | 12.677s | -39.4%
You can see that that the CPU savings for regular operations improves as we
decrease the depth. The savings are less for "rev-list" on a smaller repository
than they are for blob-accessing operations, or even rev-list on a larger
repository. This may mean that a larger delta cache would help (though setting
core.deltaBaseCacheLimit by itself doesn't).
But we can also see that the space savings are not that great as the depth goes
higher. Saving 5-10% between 10 and 50 is probably worth the CPU tradeoff.
Saving 1% to go from 50 to 100, or another 0.5% to go from 100 to 250 is
probably not.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Add lf_to_nul helper function to test-lib-functions.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Hostetler <jeffhost@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Update status manpage to include information about
porcelain v2 format.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Hostetler <jeffhost@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Expand porcelain v2 output to include branch and tracking
branch information. This includes the commit id, the branch,
the upstream branch, and the ahead and behind counts.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Hostetler <jeffhost@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Print per-file information in porcelain v2 format.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Hostetler <jeffhost@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Collect extra per-file data for porcelain V2 format.
The output of `git status --porcelain` leaves out many
details about the current status that clients might like
to have. This can force them to be less efficient as they
may need to launch secondary commands (and try to match
the logic within git) to accumulate this extra information.
For example, a GUI IDE might want the file mode to display
the correct icon for a changed item (without having to stat
it afterwards).
Signed-off-by: Jeff Hostetler <jeffhost@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
In the original implementation of want_object_in_pack(), we
always looked for the object in every pack, so the order did
not matter for performance.
As of the last few patches, however, we can now often break
out of the loop early after finding the first instance, and
avoid looking in the other packs at all. In this case, pack
order can make a big difference, because we'd like to find
the objects by looking at as few packs as possible.
This patch switches us to the same packed_git_mru list that
is now used by normal object lookups.
Here are timings for p5303 on linux.git:
Test HEAD^ HEAD
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5303.3: rev-list (1) 31.31(31.07+0.23) 31.28(31.00+0.27) -0.1%
5303.4: repack (1) 40.35(38.84+2.60) 40.53(39.31+2.32) +0.4%
5303.6: rev-list (50) 31.37(31.15+0.21) 31.41(31.16+0.24) +0.1%
5303.7: repack (50) 58.25(68.54+2.03) 47.28(57.66+1.89) -18.8%
5303.9: rev-list (1000) 31.91(31.57+0.33) 31.93(31.64+0.28) +0.1%
5303.10: repack (1000) 304.80(376.00+3.92) 87.21(159.54+2.84) -71.4%
The rev-list numbers are unchanged, which makes sense (they
are not exercising this code at all). The 50- and 1000-pack
repack cases show considerable improvement.
The single-pack repack case doesn't, of course; there's
nothing to improve. In fact, it gives us a baseline for how
fast we could possibly go. You can see that though rev-list
can approach the single-pack case even with 1000 packs,
repack doesn't. The reason is simple: the loop we are
optimizing is only part of what the repack is doing. After
the "counting" phase, we do delta compression, which is much
more expensive when there are multiple packs, because we
have fewer deltas we can reuse (you can also see that these
numbers come from a multicore machine; the CPU times are
much higher than the wall-clock times due to the delta
phase).
So the good news is that in cases with many packs, we used
to be dominated by the "counting" phase, and now we are
dominated by the delta compression (which is faster, and
which we have already parallelized).
Here are similar numbers for git.git:
Test HEAD^ HEAD
---------------------------------------------------------------------
5303.3: rev-list (1) 1.55(1.51+0.02) 1.54(1.53+0.00) -0.6%
5303.4: repack (1) 1.82(1.80+0.08) 1.82(1.78+0.09) +0.0%
5303.6: rev-list (50) 1.58(1.57+0.00) 1.58(1.56+0.01) +0.0%
5303.7: repack (50) 2.50(3.12+0.07) 2.31(2.95+0.06) -7.6%
5303.9: rev-list (1000) 2.22(2.20+0.02) 2.23(2.19+0.03) +0.5%
5303.10: repack (1000) 10.47(16.78+0.22) 7.50(13.76+0.22) -28.4%
Not as impressive in terms of percentage, but still
measurable wins. If you look at the wall-clock time
improvements in the 1000-pack case, you can see that linux
improved by roughly 10x as many seconds as git. That's
because it has roughly 10x as many objects, and we'd expect
this improvement to scale linearly with the number of
objects (since the number of packs is kept constant). It's
just that the "counting" phase is a smaller percentage of
the total time spent for a git.git repack, and hence the
percentage win is smaller.
The implementation itself is a straightforward use of the
MRU code. We only bother marking a pack as used when we know
that we are able to break early out of the loop, for two
reasons:
1. If we can't break out early, it does no good; we have
to visit each pack anyway, so we might as well avoid
even the minor overhead of managing the cache order.
2. The mru_mark() function reorders the list, which would
screw up our traversal. So it is only safe to mark when
we are about to break out of the loop. We could record
the found pack and mark it after the loop finishes, of
course, but that's more complicated and it doesn't buy
us anything due to (1).
Note that this reordering does have a potential impact on
the final pack, as we store only a single "found" pack for
each object, even if it is present in multiple packs. In
principle, any copy is acceptable, as they all refer to the
same content. But in practice, they may differ in whether
they are stored as deltas, against which base, etc. This may
have an impact on delta reuse, and even the delta search
(since we skip pairs that were already in the same pack).
It's not clear whether this change of order would hurt or
even help average cases, though. The most likely reason to
have duplicate objects is from the completion of thin packs
(e.g., you have some objects in a "base" pack, then receive
several pushes; the packs you receive may be thin on the
wire, with deltas that refer to bases outside the pack, but
we complete them with duplicate base objects when indexing
them).
In such a case the current code would always find the thin
duplicates (because we currently walk the packs in reverse
chronological order). Whereas with this patch, some of those
duplicates would be found in the base pack instead.
In my tests repacking a real-world case of linux.git with
3600 thin-pack pushes (on top of a large "base" pack), the
resulting pack was about 0.04% larger with this patch. On
the other hand, because we were more likely to hit the base
pack, there were more opportunities for delta reuse, and we
had 50,000 fewer objects to examine in the delta search.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
We do not allow cycles in the delta graph of a pack (i.e., A
is a delta of B which is a delta of A) for the obvious
reason that you cannot actually access any of the objects in
such a case.
There's a last-ditch attempt to notice cycles during the
write phase, during which we issue a warning to the user and
write one of the objects out in full. However, this is
"last-ditch" for two reasons:
1. By this time, it's too late to find another delta for
the object, so the resulting pack is larger than it
otherwise could be.
2. The warning is there because this is something that
_shouldn't_ ever happen. If it does, then either:
a. a pack we are reusing deltas from had its own
cycle
b. we are reusing deltas from multiple packs, and
we found a cycle among them (i.e., A is a delta of
B in one pack, but B is a delta of A in another,
and we choose to use both deltas).
c. there is a bug in the delta-search code
So this code serves as a final check that none of these
things has happened, warns the user, and prevents us
from writing a bogus pack.
Right now, (2b) should never happen because of the static
ordering of packs in want_object_in_pack(). If two objects
have a delta relationship, then they must be in the same
pack, and therefore we will find them from that same pack.
However, a future patch would like to change that static
ordering, which will make (2b) a common occurrence. In
preparation, we should be able to handle those kinds of
cycles better. This patch does by introducing a
cycle-breaking step during the get_object_details() phase,
when we are deciding which deltas can be reused. That gives
us the chance to feed the objects into the delta search as
if the cycle did not exist.
We'll leave the detection and warning in the write_object()
phase in place, as it still serves as a check for case (2c).
This does mean we will stop warning for (2a). That case is
caused by bogus input packs, and we ideally would warn the
user about it. However, since those cycles show up after
picking reusable deltas, they look the same as (2b) to us;
our new code will break the cycles early and the last-ditch
check will never see them.
We could do analysis on any cycles that we find to
distinguish the two cases (i.e., it is a bogus pack if and
only if every delta in the cycle is in the same pack), but
we don't need to. If there is a cycle inside a pack, we'll
run into problems not only reusing the delta, but accessing
the object data at all. So when we try to dig up the actual
size of the object, we'll hit that same cycle and kick in
our usual complain-and-try-another-source code.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Some code may have a pack/offset pair for an object, but
would like to look up more information. Using
sha1_object_info() is too heavy-weight; it starts from the
sha1 and has to find the pack again (so not only does it waste
time, it might not even find the same instance).
In some cases, this problem is solved by helpers like
get_size_from_delta(), which is used by pack-objects to take
a shortcut for objects whose packed representation has
already been found. But there's no similar function for
getting the object type, for instance. Rather than introduce
one, let's just make the whole packed_object_info() available.
It is smart enough to spend effort only on the items the
caller wants.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
An all-zero initializer is fine for this struct, but because
the first element is a pointer, call sites need to know to
use "NULL" instead of "0". Otherwise some static checkers
like "sparse" will complain; see d099b71 (Fix some sparse
warnings, 2013-07-18) for example. So let's provide an
initializer to make this easier to get right.
But let's also comment that memset() to zero is explicitly
OK[1]. One of the callers embeds object_info in another
struct which is initialized via memset (expand_data in
builtin/cat-file.c). Since our subset of C doesn't allow
assignment from a compound literal, handling this in any
other way is awkward, so we'd like to keep the ability to
initialize by memset(). By documenting this property, it
should make anybody who wants to change the initializer
think twice before doing so.
There's one other caller of interest. In parse_sha1_header(),
we did not initialize the struct fully in the first place.
This turned out not to be a bug because the sub-function it
calls does not look at any other fields except the ones we
did initialize. But that assumption might not hold in the
future, so it's a dangerous construct. This patch switches
it to initializing the whole struct, which protects us
against unexpected reads of the other fields.
[1] Obviously using memset() to initialize a pointer
violates the C standard, but we long ago decided that it
was an acceptable tradeoff in the real world.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
A few updates to "git submodule update".
Use of "| wc -l" break with BSD variant of 'wc'.
* sb/submodule-update-dot-branch:
t7406: fix breakage on OSX
submodule update: allow '.' for branch value
submodule--helper: add remote-branch helper
submodule-config: keep configured branch around
submodule--helper: fix usage string for relative-path
submodule update: narrow scope of local variable
submodule update: respect depth in subsequent fetches
t7406: future proof tests with hard coded depth
"git am -3" calls "git merge-recursive" when it needs to fall back
to a three-way merge; this call has been turned into an internal
subroutine call instead of spawning a separate subprocess.
* js/am-3-merge-recursive-direct:
merge-recursive: flush output buffer even when erroring out
merge_trees(): ensure that the callers release output buffer
merge-recursive: offer an option to retain the output in 'obuf'
merge-recursive: write the commit title in one go
merge-recursive: flush output buffer before printing error messages
am -3: use merge_recursive() directly again
merge-recursive: switch to returning errors instead of dying
merge-recursive: handle return values indicating errors
merge-recursive: allow write_tree_from_memory() to error out
merge-recursive: avoid returning a wholesale struct
merge_recursive: abort properly upon errors
prepare the builtins for a libified merge_recursive()
merge-recursive: clarify code in was_tracked()
die(_("BUG")): avoid translating bug messages
die("bug"): report bugs consistently
t5520: verify that `pull --rebase` shows the helpful advice when failing
"git format-patch" learned format.from configuration variable to
specify the default settings for its "--from" option.
* jt/format-patch-from-config:
format-patch: format.from gives the default for --from
"git push --force-with-lease" already had enough logic to allow
ensuring that such a push results in creation of a ref (i.e. the
receiving end did not have another push from sideways that would be
discarded by our force-pushing), but didn't expose this possibility
to the users. It does so now.
* jk/push-force-with-lease-creation:
t5533: make it pass on case-sensitive filesystems
push: allow pushing new branches with --force-with-lease
push: add shorthand for --force-with-lease branch creation
Documentation/git-push: fix placeholder formatting
Not-so-recent rewrite of "git am" that started making internal
calls into the commit machinery had an unintended regression, in
that no matter how many seconds it took to apply many patches, the
resulting committer timestamp for the resulting commits were all
the same.
* jk/reset-ident-time-per-commit:
am: reset cached ident date for each patch
A minor documentation update.
This was split out from a stalled jh/clean-smudge-annex topic
before discarding it.
* jh/clean-smudge-f-doc:
clarify %f documentation
The API documentation for hashmap was unclear if hashmap_entry
can be safely discarded without any other consideration. State
that it is safe to do so.
* jc/hashmap-doc-init:
hashmap: clarify that hashmap_entry can safely be discarded
FreeBSD can lie when asked mtime of a directory, which made the
untracked cache code to fall back to a slow-path, which in turn
caused tests in t7063 to fail because it wanted to verify the
behaviour of the fast-path.
* nd/fbsd-lazy-mtime:
t7063: work around FreeBSD's lazy mtime update feature
The characters in the label shown for tags/refs for commits in
"gitweb" output are now properly escaped for proper HTML output.
* ab/gitweb-link-html-escape:
gitweb: escape link body in format_ref_marker
Windows port was failing some tests in t4130, due to the lack of
inum in the returned values by its lstat(2) emulation.
* js/t4130-rename-without-ino:
t4130: work around Windows limitation
"git -c grep.patternType=extended log --basic-regexp" misbehaved
because the internal API to access the grep machinery was not
designed well.
* jc/grep-commandline-vs-configuration:
grep: further simplify setting the pattern type
There is an optimization used in "git diff $treeA $treeB" to borrow
an already checked-out copy in the working tree when it is known to
be the same as the blob being compared, expecting that open/mmap of
such a file is faster than reading it from the object store, which
involves inflating and applying delta. This however kicked in even
when the checked-out copy needs to go through the convert-to-git
conversion (including the clean filter), which defeats the whole
point of the optimization. The optimization has been disabled when
the conversion is necessary.
* jk/diff-do-not-reuse-wtf-needs-cleaning:
diff: do not reuse worktree files that need "clean" conversion
The build procedure for "git persistent-https" helper (in contrib/)
has been updated so that it can be built with more recent versions
of Go.
* pm/build-persistent-https-with-recent-go:
contrib/persistent-https: use Git version for build label
contrib/persistent-https: update ldflags syntax for Go 1.7+
"git merge" in Git v2.9 was taught to forbid merging an unrelated
lines of history by default, but that is exactly the kind of thing
the "--rejoin" mode of "git subtree" (in contrib/) wants to do.
"git subtree" has been taught to use the "--allow-unrelated-histories"
option to override the default.
* da/subtree-2.9-regression:
subtree: fix "git subtree split --rejoin"
t7900-subtree.sh: fix quoting and broken && chains
"git commit --help" said "--no-verify" is only about skipping the
pre-commit hook, and failed to say that it also skipped the
commit-msg hook.
* os/no-verify-skips-commit-msg-too:
commit: describe that --no-verify skips the commit-msg hook in the help text
The use of strbuf in "git rm" to build filename to remove was a bit
suboptimal, which has been fixed.
* rs/rm-strbuf-optim:
rm: reuse strbuf for all remove_dir_recursively() calls
Users of the parse_options_concat() API function need to allocate
extra slots in advance and fill them with OPT_END() when they want
to decide the set of supported options dynamically, which makes the
code error-prone and hard to read. This has been corrected by tweaking
the API to allocate and return a new copy of "struct option" array.
* jk/parse-options-concat:
parse_options: allocate a new array when concatenating
