Scalar ====== Scalar is a repository management tool that optimizes Git for use in large repositories. It accomplishes this by helping users to take advantage of advanced performance features in Git. Unlike most other Git built-in commands, Scalar is not executed as a subcommand of 'git'; rather, it is built as a separate executable containing its own series of subcommands. Background ---------- Scalar was originally designed as an add-on to Git and implemented as a .NET Core application. It was created based on the learnings from the VFS for Git project (another application aimed at improving the experience of working with large repositories). As part of its initial implementation, Scalar relied on custom features in the Microsoft fork of Git that have since been integrated into core Git: * partial clone, * commit graphs, * multi-pack index, * sparse checkout (cone mode), * scheduled background maintenance, * etc With the requisite Git functionality in place and a desire to bring the benefits of Scalar to the larger Git community, the Scalar application itself was ported from C# to C and integrated upstream. Features -------- Scalar is comprised of two major pieces of functionality: automatically configuring built-in Git performance features and managing repository enlistments. The Git performance features configured by Scalar (see "Background" for examples) confer substantial performance benefits to large repositories, but are either too experimental to enable for all of Git yet, or only benefit large repositories. As new features are introduced, Scalar should be updated accordingly to incorporate them. This will prevent the tool from becoming stale while also providing a path for more easily bringing features to the appropriate users. Enlistments are how Scalar knows which repositories on a user's system should utilize Scalar-configured features. This allows it to update performance settings when new ones are added to the tool, as well as centrally manage repository maintenance. The enlistment structure - a root directory with a `src/` subdirectory containing the cloned repository itself - is designed to encourage users to route build outputs outside of the repository to avoid the performance-limiting overhead of ignoring those files in Git. Design ------ Scalar is implemented in C and interacts with Git via a mix of child process invocations of Git and direct usage of `libgit.a`. Internally, it is structured much like other built-ins with subcommands (e.g., `git stash`), containing a `cmd_()` function for each subcommand, routed through a `cmd_main()` function. Most options are unique to each subcommand, with `scalar` respecting some "global" `git` options (e.g., `-c` and `-C`). Because `scalar` is not invoked as a Git subcommand (like `git scalar`), it is built and installed as its own executable in the `bin/` directory, alongside `git`, `git-gui`, etc. Roadmap ------- NOTE: this section will be removed once the remaining tasks outlined in this roadmap are complete. Scalar is a large enough project that it is being upstreamed incrementally, living in `contrib/` until it is feature-complete. So far, the following patch series have been accepted: - `scalar-the-beginning`: The initial patch series which sets up `contrib/scalar/` and populates it with a minimal `scalar` command that demonstrates the fundamental ideas. - `scalar-c-and-C`: The `scalar` command learns about two options that can be specified before the command, `-c =` and `-C `. - `scalar-diagnose`: The `scalar` command is taught the `diagnose` subcommand. Roughly speaking (and subject to change), the following series are needed to "finish" this initial version of Scalar: - Finish Scalar features: Enable the built-in FSMonitor in Scalar enlistments and implement `scalar help`. At the end of this series, Scalar should be feature-complete from the perspective of a user. - Generalize features not specific to Scalar: In the spirit of making Scalar configure only what is needed for large repo performance, move common utilities into other parts of Git. Some of this will be internal-only, but one major change will be generalizing `scalar diagnose` for use with any Git repository. - Move Scalar to toplevel: Move Scalar out of `contrib/` and into the root of `git`, including updates to build and install it with the rest of Git. This change will incorporate Scalar into the Git CI and test framework, as well as expand regression and performance testing to ensure the tool is stable. Finally, there are two additional patch series that exist in Microsoft's fork of Git, but there is no current plan to upstream them. There are some interesting ideas there, but the implementation is too specific to Azure Repos and/or VFS for Git to be of much help in general. These still exist mainly because the GVFS protocol is what Azure Repos has instead of partial clone, while Git is focused on improving partial clone: - `scalar-with-gvfs`: The primary purpose of this patch series is to support existing Scalar users whose repositories are hosted in Azure Repos (which does not support Git's partial clones, but supports its predecessor, the GVFS protocol, which is used by Scalar to emulate the partial clone). Since the GVFS protocol will never be supported by core Git, this patch series will remain in Microsoft's fork of Git. - `run-scalar-functional-tests`: The Scalar project developed a quite comprehensive set of integration tests (or, "Functional Tests"). They are the sole remaining part of the original C#-based Scalar project, and this patch adds a GitHub workflow that runs them all. Since the tests partially depend on features that are only provided in the `scalar-with-gvfs` patch series, this patch cannot be upstreamed.