257 lines
7.5 KiB
Plaintext
257 lines
7.5 KiB
Plaintext
git-commit(1)
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=============
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NAME
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----
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git-commit - Record your changes
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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[verse]
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'git-commit' [-a] [-s] [-v] [(-c | -C) <commit> | -F <file> | -m <msg>]
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[--no-verify] [--amend] [-e] [--author <author>]
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[--] [[-i | -o ]<file>...]
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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Use 'git commit' when you want to record your changes into the repository
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along with a log message describing what the commit is about. All changes
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to be committed must be explicitly identified using one of the following
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methods:
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1. by using gitlink:git-add[1] to incrementally "add" changes to the
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next commit before using the 'commit' command (Note: even modified
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files must be "added");
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2. by using gitlink:git-rm[1] to identify content removal for the next
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commit, again before using the 'commit' command;
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3. by directly listing files containing changes to be committed as arguments
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to the 'commit' command, in which cases only those files alone will be
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considered for the commit;
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4. by using the -a switch with the 'commit' command to automatically "add"
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changes from all known files i.e. files that have already been committed
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before, and to automatically "rm" files that have been
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removed from the working tree, and perform the actual commit.
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The gitlink:git-status[1] command can be used to obtain a
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summary of what is included by any of the above for the next
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commit by giving the same set of parameters you would give to
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this command.
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If you make a commit and then found a mistake immediately after
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that, you can recover from it with gitlink:git-reset[1].
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OPTIONS
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-------
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-a|--all::
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Tell the command to automatically stage files that have
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been modified and deleted, but new files you have not
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told git about are not affected.
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-c or -C <commit>::
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Take existing commit object, and reuse the log message
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and the authorship information (including the timestamp)
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when creating the commit. With '-C', the editor is not
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invoked; with '-c' the user can further edit the commit
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message.
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-F <file>::
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Take the commit message from the given file. Use '-' to
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read the message from the standard input.
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--author <author>::
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Override the author name used in the commit. Use
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`A U Thor <author@example.com>` format.
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-m <msg>::
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Use the given <msg> as the commit message.
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-s|--signoff::
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Add Signed-off-by line at the end of the commit message.
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--no-verify::
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This option bypasses the pre-commit hook.
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See also link:hooks.html[hooks].
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-e|--edit::
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The message taken from file with `-F`, command line with
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`-m`, and from file with `-C` are usually used as the
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commit log message unmodified. This option lets you
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further edit the message taken from these sources.
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--amend::
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Used to amend the tip of the current branch. Prepare the tree
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object you would want to replace the latest commit as usual
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(this includes the usual -i/-o and explicit paths), and the
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commit log editor is seeded with the commit message from the
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tip of the current branch. The commit you create replaces the
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current tip -- if it was a merge, it will have the parents of
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the current tip as parents -- so the current top commit is
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discarded.
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+
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--
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It is a rough equivalent for:
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------
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$ git reset --soft HEAD^
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$ ... do something else to come up with the right tree ...
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$ git commit -c ORIG_HEAD
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------
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but can be used to amend a merge commit.
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--
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-i|--include::
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Before making a commit out of staged contents so far,
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stage the contents of paths given on the command line
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as well. This is usually not what you want unless you
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are concluding a conflicted merge.
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-q|--quiet::
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Supress commit summary message.
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\--::
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Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
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<file>...::
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When files are given on the command line, the command
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commits the contents of the named files, without
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recording the changes already staged. The contents of
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these files are also staged for the next commit on top
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of what have been staged before.
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EXAMPLES
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--------
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When recording your own work, the contents of modified files in
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your working tree are temporarily stored to a staging area
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called the "index" with gitlink:git-add[1]. Removal
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of a file is staged with gitlink:git-rm[1]. After building the
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state to be committed incrementally with these commands, `git
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commit` (without any pathname parameter) is used to record what
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has been staged so far. This is the most basic form of the
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command. An example:
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------------
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$ edit hello.c
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$ git rm goodbye.c
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$ git add hello.c
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$ git commit
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------------
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////////////
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We should fix 'git rm' to remove goodbye.c from both index and
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working tree for the above example.
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////////////
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Instead of staging files after each individual change, you can
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tell `git commit` to notice the changes to the files whose
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contents are tracked in
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your working tree and do corresponding `git add` and `git rm`
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for you. That is, this example does the same as the earlier
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example if there is no other change in your working tree:
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------------
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$ edit hello.c
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$ rm goodbye.c
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$ git commit -a
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------------
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The command `git commit -a` first looks at your working tree,
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notices that you have modified hello.c and removed goodbye.c,
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and performs necessary `git add` and `git rm` for you.
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After staging changes to many files, you can alter the order the
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changes are recorded in, by giving pathnames to `git commit`.
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When pathnames are given, the command makes a commit that
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only records the changes made to the named paths:
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------------
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$ edit hello.c hello.h
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$ git add hello.c hello.h
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$ edit Makefile
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$ git commit Makefile
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------------
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This makes a commit that records the modification to `Makefile`.
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The changes staged for `hello.c` and `hello.h` are not included
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in the resulting commit. However, their changes are not lost --
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they are still staged and merely held back. After the above
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sequence, if you do:
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------------
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$ git commit
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------------
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this second commit would record the changes to `hello.c` and
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`hello.h` as expected.
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After a merge (initiated by either gitlink:git-merge[1] or
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gitlink:git-pull[1]) stops because of conflicts, cleanly merged
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paths are already staged to be committed for you, and paths that
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conflicted are left in unmerged state. You would have to first
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check which paths are conflicting with gitlink:git-status[1]
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and after fixing them manually in your working tree, you would
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stage the result as usual with gitlink:git-add[1]:
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------------
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$ git status | grep unmerged
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unmerged: hello.c
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$ edit hello.c
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$ git add hello.c
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------------
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After resolving conflicts and staging the result, `git ls-files -u`
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would stop mentioning the conflicted path. When you are done,
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run `git commit` to finally record the merge:
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------------
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$ git commit
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------------
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As with the case to record your own changes, you can use `-a`
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option to save typing. One difference is that during a merge
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resolution, you cannot use `git commit` with pathnames to
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alter the order the changes are committed, because the merge
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should be recorded as a single commit. In fact, the command
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refuses to run when given pathnames (but see `-i` option).
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DISCUSSION
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----------
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include::i18n.txt[]
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ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
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---------------------
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The command specified by either the VISUAL or EDITOR environment
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variables is used to edit the commit log message.
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HOOKS
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-----
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This command can run `commit-msg`, `pre-commit`, and
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`post-commit` hooks. See link:hooks.html[hooks] for more
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information.
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SEE ALSO
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--------
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gitlink:git-add[1],
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gitlink:git-rm[1],
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gitlink:git-mv[1],
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gitlink:git-merge[1],
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gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]
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Author
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------
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Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and
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Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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GIT
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---
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Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
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