23d25e48f5
The previous code only checked out branches in cmd_add. This commit moves the branch-checkout logic into module_clone, where it can be shared by cmd_add and cmd_update. I also update the initial checkout command to use 'reset' to preserve branches setup during module_clone. With this change, folks cloning submodules for the first time via: $ git submodule update ... will get a local branch instead of a detached HEAD, unless they are using the default checkout-mode updates. This is a change from the previous situation where cmd_update always used checkout-mode logic (regardless of the requested update mode) for updates that triggered an initial clone, which always resulted in a detached HEAD. This commit does not change the logic for updates after the initial clone, which will continue to create detached HEADs for checkout-mode updates, and integrate remote work with the local HEAD (detached or not) in other modes. The motivation for the change is that developers doing local work inside the submodule are likely to select a non-checkout-mode for updates so their local work is integrated with upstream work. Developers who are not doing local submodule work stick with checkout-mode updates so any apparently local work is blown away during updates. For example, if upstream rolls back the remote branch or gitlinked commit to an earlier version, the checkout-mode developer wants their old submodule checkout to be rolled back as well, instead of getting a no-op merge/rebase with the rolled-back reference. By using the update mode to distinguish submodule developers from black-box submodule consumers, we can setup local branches for the developers who will want local branches, and stick with detached HEADs for the developers that don't care. Testing ======= In t7406, just-cloned checkouts now update to the gitlinked hash with 'reset', to preserve the local branch for situations where we're not on a detached HEAD. I also added explicit tests to t7406 for HEAD attachement after cloning updates, showing that it depends on their update mode: * Checkout-mode updates get detached HEADs * Everyone else gets a local branch, matching the configured submodule.<name>.branch and defaulting to master. The 'initial-setup' tag makes it easy to reset the superproject to a known state, as several earlier tests commit to submodules and commit the changed gitlinks to the superproject, but don't push the new submodule commits to the upstream subprojects. This makes it impossible to checkout the current super master, because it references submodule commits that don't exist in the upstream subprojects. For a specific example, see the tests that currently generate the 'two_new_submodule_commits' commits. Documentation ============= I updated the docs to describe the 'submodule update' modes in detail. The old documentation did not distinguish between cloning and non-cloning updates and lacked clarity on which operations would lead to detached HEADs, and which would not. The new documentation addresses these issues while updating the docs to reflect the changes introduced by this commit's explicit local branch creation in module_clone. I also add '--checkout' to the usage summary and group the update-mode options into a single set. Signed-off-by: W. Trevor King <wking@tremily.us> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
373 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
373 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
git-submodule(1)
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================
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NAME
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----
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git-submodule - Initialize, update or inspect submodules
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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[verse]
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'git submodule' [--quiet] add [-b <branch>] [-f|--force] [--name <name>]
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[--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
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'git submodule' [--quiet] status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
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'git submodule' [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...]
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'git submodule' [--quiet] deinit [-f|--force] [--] <path>...
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'git submodule' [--quiet] update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch]
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[-f|--force] [--rebase|--merge|--checkout] [--reference <repository>]
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[--depth <depth>] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
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'git submodule' [--quiet] summary [--cached|--files] [(-n|--summary-limit) <n>]
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[commit] [--] [<path>...]
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'git submodule' [--quiet] foreach [--recursive] <command>
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'git submodule' [--quiet] sync [--] [<path>...]
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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Submodules allow foreign repositories to be embedded within
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a dedicated subdirectory of the source tree, always pointed
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at a particular commit.
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They are not to be confused with remotes, which are meant mainly
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for branches of the same project; submodules are meant for
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different projects you would like to make part of your source tree,
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while the history of the two projects still stays completely
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independent and you cannot modify the contents of the submodule
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from within the main project.
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If you want to merge the project histories and want to treat the
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aggregated whole as a single project from then on, you may want to
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add a remote for the other project and use the 'subtree' merge strategy,
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instead of treating the other project as a submodule. Directories
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that come from both projects can be cloned and checked out as a whole
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if you choose to go that route.
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Submodules are composed from a so-called `gitlink` tree entry
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in the main repository that refers to a particular commit object
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within the inner repository that is completely separate.
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A record in the `.gitmodules` (see linkgit:gitmodules[5]) file at the
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root of the source tree assigns a logical name to the submodule and
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describes the default URL the submodule shall be cloned from.
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The logical name can be used for overriding this URL within your
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local repository configuration (see 'submodule init').
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This command will manage the tree entries and contents of the
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gitmodules file for you, as well as inspect the status of your
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submodules and update them.
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When adding a new submodule to the tree, the 'add' subcommand
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is to be used. However, when pulling a tree containing submodules,
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these will not be checked out by default;
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the 'init' and 'update' subcommands will maintain submodules
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checked out and at appropriate revision in your working tree.
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You can briefly inspect the up-to-date status of your submodules
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using the 'status' subcommand and get a detailed overview of the
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difference between the index and checkouts using the 'summary'
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subcommand.
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COMMANDS
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--------
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add::
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Add the given repository as a submodule at the given path
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to the changeset to be committed next to the current
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project: the current project is termed the "superproject".
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+
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This requires at least one argument: <repository>. The optional
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argument <path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule
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to exist in the superproject. If <path> is not given, the
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"humanish" part of the source repository is used ("repo" for
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"/path/to/repo.git" and "foo" for "host.xz:foo/.git").
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The <path> is also used as the submodule's logical name in its
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configuration entries unless `--name` is used to specify a logical name.
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+
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<repository> is the URL of the new submodule's origin repository.
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This may be either an absolute URL, or (if it begins with ./
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or ../), the location relative to the superproject's origin
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repository (Please note that to specify a repository 'foo.git'
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which is located right next to a superproject 'bar.git', you'll
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have to use '../foo.git' instead of './foo.git' - as one might expect
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when following the rules for relative URLs - because the evaluation
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of relative URLs in Git is identical to that of relative directories).
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If the superproject doesn't have an origin configured
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the superproject is its own authoritative upstream and the current
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working directory is used instead.
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+
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<path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule to
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exist in the superproject. If <path> does not exist, then the
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submodule is created by cloning from the named URL. If <path> does
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exist and is already a valid Git repository, then this is added
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to the changeset without cloning. This second form is provided
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to ease creating a new submodule from scratch, and presumes
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the user will later push the submodule to the given URL.
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+
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In either case, the given URL is recorded into .gitmodules for
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use by subsequent users cloning the superproject. If the URL is
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given relative to the superproject's repository, the presumption
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is the superproject and submodule repositories will be kept
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together in the same relative location, and only the
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superproject's URL needs to be provided: git-submodule will correctly
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locate the submodule using the relative URL in .gitmodules.
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status::
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Show the status of the submodules. This will print the SHA-1 of the
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currently checked out commit for each submodule, along with the
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submodule path and the output of 'git describe' for the
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SHA-1. Each SHA-1 will be prefixed with `-` if the submodule is not
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initialized, `+` if the currently checked out submodule commit
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does not match the SHA-1 found in the index of the containing
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repository and `U` if the submodule has merge conflicts.
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+
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If `--recursive` is specified, this command will recurse into nested
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submodules, and show their status as well.
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+
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If you are only interested in changes of the currently initialized
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submodules with respect to the commit recorded in the index or the HEAD,
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linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-diff[1] will provide that information
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too (and can also report changes to a submodule's work tree).
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init::
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Initialize the submodules recorded in the index (which were
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added and committed elsewhere) by copying submodule
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names and urls from .gitmodules to .git/config.
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Optional <path> arguments limit which submodules will be initialized.
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It will also copy the value of `submodule.$name.update` into
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.git/config.
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The key used in .git/config is `submodule.$name.url`.
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This command does not alter existing information in .git/config.
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You can then customize the submodule clone URLs in .git/config
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for your local setup and proceed to `git submodule update`;
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you can also just use `git submodule update --init` without
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the explicit 'init' step if you do not intend to customize
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any submodule locations.
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deinit::
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Unregister the given submodules, i.e. remove the whole
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`submodule.$name` section from .git/config together with their work
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tree. Further calls to `git submodule update`, `git submodule foreach`
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and `git submodule sync` will skip any unregistered submodules until
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they are initialized again, so use this command if you don't want to
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have a local checkout of the submodule in your work tree anymore. If
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you really want to remove a submodule from the repository and commit
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that use linkgit:git-rm[1] instead.
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+
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If `--force` is specified, the submodule's work tree will be removed even if
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it contains local modifications.
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update::
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Update the registered submodules, i.e. clone missing submodules and
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checkout the commit specified in the index of the containing
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repository. The update mode defaults to `checkout`, but can be
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configured with the `submodule.<name>.update` setting or the
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`--rebase`, `--merge`, or `--checkout` options.
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+
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For updates that clone missing submodules, checkout-mode updates will
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create submodules with detached HEADs; all other modes will create
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submodules with a local branch named after `submodule.<path>.branch`.
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+
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For updates that do not clone missing submodules, the submodule's HEAD
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is only touched when the remote reference does not match the
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submodule's HEAD (for none-mode updates, the submodule is never
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touched). The remote reference is usually the gitlinked commit from
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the superproject's tree, but with `--remote` it is the upstream
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subproject's `submodule.<name>.branch`. This remote reference is
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integrated with the submodule's HEAD using the specified update mode.
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For checkout-mode updates, that will result in a detached HEAD. For
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rebase- and merge-mode updates, the commit referenced by the
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submodule's HEAD may change, but the symbolic reference will remain
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unchanged (i.e. checked-out branches will still be checked-out
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branches, and detached HEADs will still be detached HEADs). If none
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of the builtin modes fit your needs, set `submodule.<name>.update` to
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`!command` to configure a custom integration command. `command` can
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be any arbitrary shell command that takes a single argument, namely
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the sha1 to update to.
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+
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If the submodule is not yet initialized, and you just want to use the
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setting as stored in .gitmodules, you can automatically initialize the
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submodule with the `--init` option.
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+
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If `--recursive` is specified, this command will recurse into the
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registered submodules, and update any nested submodules within.
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+
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If `--force` is specified, the submodule will be checked out (using
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`git checkout --force` if appropriate), even if the commit specified in the
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index of the containing repository already matches the commit checked out in
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the submodule.
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summary::
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Show commit summary between the given commit (defaults to HEAD) and
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working tree/index. For a submodule in question, a series of commits
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in the submodule between the given super project commit and the
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index or working tree (switched by `--cached`) are shown. If the option
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`--files` is given, show the series of commits in the submodule between
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the index of the super project and the working tree of the submodule
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(this option doesn't allow to use the `--cached` option or to provide an
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explicit commit).
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+
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Using the `--submodule=log` option with linkgit:git-diff[1] will provide that
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information too.
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foreach::
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Evaluates an arbitrary shell command in each checked out submodule.
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The command has access to the variables $name, $path, $sha1 and
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$toplevel:
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$name is the name of the relevant submodule section in .gitmodules,
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$path is the name of the submodule directory relative to the
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superproject, $sha1 is the commit as recorded in the superproject,
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and $toplevel is the absolute path to the top-level of the superproject.
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Any submodules defined in the superproject but not checked out are
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ignored by this command. Unless given `--quiet`, foreach prints the name
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of each submodule before evaluating the command.
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If `--recursive` is given, submodules are traversed recursively (i.e.
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the given shell command is evaluated in nested submodules as well).
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A non-zero return from the command in any submodule causes
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the processing to terminate. This can be overridden by adding '|| :'
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to the end of the command.
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+
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As an example, +git submodule foreach \'echo $path {backtick}git
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rev-parse HEAD{backtick}'+ will show the path and currently checked out
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commit for each submodule.
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sync::
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Synchronizes submodules' remote URL configuration setting
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to the value specified in .gitmodules. It will only affect those
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submodules which already have a URL entry in .git/config (that is the
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case when they are initialized or freshly added). This is useful when
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submodule URLs change upstream and you need to update your local
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repositories accordingly.
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+
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"git submodule sync" synchronizes all submodules while
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"git submodule sync \-- A" synchronizes submodule "A" only.
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OPTIONS
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-------
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-q::
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--quiet::
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Only print error messages.
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-b::
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--branch::
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Branch of repository to add as submodule.
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The name of the branch is recorded as `submodule.<path>.branch` in
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`.gitmodules` for `update --remote`.
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-f::
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--force::
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This option is only valid for add, deinit and update commands.
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When running add, allow adding an otherwise ignored submodule path.
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When running deinit the submodule work trees will be removed even if
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they contain local changes.
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When running update, throw away local changes in submodules when
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switching to a different commit; and always run a checkout operation
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in the submodule, even if the commit listed in the index of the
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containing repository matches the commit checked out in the submodule.
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--cached::
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This option is only valid for status and summary commands. These
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commands typically use the commit found in the submodule HEAD, but
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with this option, the commit stored in the index is used instead.
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--files::
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This option is only valid for the summary command. This command
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compares the commit in the index with that in the submodule HEAD
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when this option is used.
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-n::
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--summary-limit::
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This option is only valid for the summary command.
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Limit the summary size (number of commits shown in total).
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Giving 0 will disable the summary; a negative number means unlimited
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(the default). This limit only applies to modified submodules. The
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size is always limited to 1 for added/deleted/typechanged submodules.
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--remote::
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This option is only valid for the update command. Instead of using
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the superproject's recorded SHA-1 to update the submodule, use the
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status of the submodule's remote-tracking branch. The remote used
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is branch's remote (`branch.<name>.remote`), defaulting to `origin`.
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The remote branch used defaults to `master`, but the branch name may
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be overridden by setting the `submodule.<name>.branch` option in
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either `.gitmodules` or `.git/config` (with `.git/config` taking
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precedence).
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+
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This works for any of the supported update procedures (`--checkout`,
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`--rebase`, etc.). The only change is the source of the target SHA-1.
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For example, `submodule update --remote --merge` will merge upstream
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submodule changes into the submodules, while `submodule update
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--merge` will merge superproject gitlink changes into the submodules.
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+
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In order to ensure a current tracking branch state, `update --remote`
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fetches the submodule's remote repository before calculating the
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SHA-1. If you don't want to fetch, you should use `submodule update
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--remote --no-fetch`.
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-N::
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--no-fetch::
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This option is only valid for the update command.
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Don't fetch new objects from the remote site.
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--merge::
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This option is only valid for the update command.
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Merge the commit recorded in the superproject into the current branch
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of the submodule. If this option is given, the submodule's HEAD will
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not be detached. If a merge failure prevents this process, you will
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have to resolve the resulting conflicts within the submodule with the
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usual conflict resolution tools.
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If the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to `merge`, this option is
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implicit.
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--rebase::
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This option is only valid for the update command.
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Rebase the current branch onto the commit recorded in the
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superproject. If this option is given, the submodule's HEAD will not
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be detached. If a merge failure prevents this process, you will have
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to resolve these failures with linkgit:git-rebase[1].
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If the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to `rebase`, this option is
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implicit.
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--init::
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This option is only valid for the update command.
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Initialize all submodules for which "git submodule init" has not been
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called so far before updating.
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--name::
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This option is only valid for the add command. It sets the submodule's
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name to the given string instead of defaulting to its path. The name
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must be valid as a directory name and may not end with a '/'.
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--reference <repository>::
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This option is only valid for add and update commands. These
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commands sometimes need to clone a remote repository. In this case,
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this option will be passed to the linkgit:git-clone[1] command.
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+
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*NOTE*: Do *not* use this option unless you have read the note
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for linkgit:git-clone[1]'s `--reference` and `--shared` options carefully.
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--recursive::
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This option is only valid for foreach, update and status commands.
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Traverse submodules recursively. The operation is performed not
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only in the submodules of the current repo, but also
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in any nested submodules inside those submodules (and so on).
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--depth::
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This option is valid for add and update commands. Create a 'shallow'
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clone with a history truncated to the specified number of revisions.
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See linkgit:git-clone[1]
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<path>...::
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Paths to submodule(s). When specified this will restrict the command
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to only operate on the submodules found at the specified paths.
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(This argument is required with add).
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FILES
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-----
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When initializing submodules, a .gitmodules file in the top-level directory
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of the containing repository is used to find the url of each submodule.
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This file should be formatted in the same way as `$GIT_DIR/config`. The key
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to each submodule url is "submodule.$name.url". See linkgit:gitmodules[5]
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for details.
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GIT
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---
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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