0b444cdb19
The documentation was quite inconsistent when spelling 'git cmd' if it
only refers to the program, not to some specific invocation syntax:
both 'git-cmd' and 'git cmd' spellings exist.
The current trend goes towards dashless forms, and there is precedent
in 647ac70 (git-svn.txt: stop using dash-form of commands.,
2009-07-07) to actively eliminate the dashed variants.
Replace 'git-cmd' with 'git cmd' throughout, except where git-shell,
git-cvsserver, git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack, and
git-upload-archive are concerned, because those really live in the
$PATH.
179 lines
6.0 KiB
Plaintext
179 lines
6.0 KiB
Plaintext
git-http-backend(1)
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===================
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NAME
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----
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git-http-backend - Server side implementation of Git over HTTP
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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[verse]
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'git http-backend'
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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A simple CGI program to serve the contents of a Git repository to Git
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clients accessing the repository over http:// and https:// protocols.
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The program supports clients fetching using both the smart HTTP protcol
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and the backwards-compatible dumb HTTP protocol, as well as clients
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pushing using the smart HTTP protocol.
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By default, only the `upload-pack` service is enabled, which serves
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'git fetch-pack' and 'git ls-remote' clients, which are invoked from
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'git fetch', 'git pull', and 'git clone'. If the client is authenticated,
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the `receive-pack` service is enabled, which serves 'git send-pack'
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clients, which is invoked from 'git push'.
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SERVICES
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--------
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These services can be enabled/disabled using the per-repository
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configuration file:
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http.getanyfile::
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This serves older Git clients which are unable to use the
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upload pack service. When enabled, clients are able to read
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any file within the repository, including objects that are
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no longer reachable from a branch but are still present.
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It is enabled by default, but a repository can disable it
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by setting this configuration item to `false`.
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http.uploadpack::
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This serves 'git fetch-pack' and 'git ls-remote' clients.
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It is enabled by default, but a repository can disable it
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by setting this configuration item to `false`.
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http.receivepack::
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This serves 'git send-pack' clients, allowing push. It is
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disabled by default for anonymous users, and enabled by
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default for users authenticated by the web server. It can be
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disabled by setting this item to `false`, or enabled for all
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users, including anonymous users, by setting it to `true`.
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URL TRANSLATION
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---------------
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To determine the location of the repository on disk, 'git http-backend'
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concatenates the environment variables PATH_INFO, which is set
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automatically by the web server, and GIT_PROJECT_ROOT, which must be set
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manually in the web server configuration. If GIT_PROJECT_ROOT is not
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set, 'git http-backend' reads PATH_TRANSLATED, which is also set
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automatically by the web server.
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EXAMPLES
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--------
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All of the following examples map 'http://$hostname/git/foo/bar.git'
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to '/var/www/git/foo/bar.git'.
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Apache 2.x::
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Ensure mod_cgi, mod_alias, and mod_env are enabled, set
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GIT_PROJECT_ROOT (or DocumentRoot) appropriately, and
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create a ScriptAlias to the CGI:
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+
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----------------------------------------------------------------
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SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/www/git
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ScriptAlias /git/ /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/
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----------------------------------------------------------------
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+
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To enable anonymous read access but authenticated write access,
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require authorization with a LocationMatch directive:
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+
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----------------------------------------------------------------
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<LocationMatch "^/git/.*/git-receive-pack$">
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AuthType Basic
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AuthName "Git Access"
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Require group committers
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...
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</LocationMatch>
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----------------------------------------------------------------
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+
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To require authentication for both reads and writes, use a Location
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directive around the repository, or one of its parent directories:
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+
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----------------------------------------------------------------
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<Location /git/private>
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AuthType Basic
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AuthName "Private Git Access"
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Require group committers
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...
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</Location>
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----------------------------------------------------------------
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+
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To serve gitweb at the same url, use a ScriptAliasMatch to only
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those URLs that 'git http-backend' can handle, and forward the
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rest to gitweb:
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+
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----------------------------------------------------------------
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ScriptAliasMatch \
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"(?x)^/git/(.*/(HEAD | \
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info/refs | \
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objects/(info/[^/]+ | \
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[0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38} | \
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pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}\.(pack|idx)) | \
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git-(upload|receive)-pack))$" \
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/usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/$1
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ScriptAlias /git/ /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/
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----------------------------------------------------------------
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Accelerated static Apache 2.x::
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Similar to the above, but Apache can be used to return static
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files that are stored on disk. On many systems this may
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be more efficient as Apache can ask the kernel to copy the
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file contents from the file system directly to the network:
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+
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----------------------------------------------------------------
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SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/www/git
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AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/[0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38})$ /var/www/git/$1
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AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}.(pack|idx))$ /var/www/git/$1
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ScriptAlias /git/ /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/
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----------------------------------------------------------------
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+
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This can be combined with the gitweb configuration:
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+
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----------------------------------------------------------------
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SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/www/git
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AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/[0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38})$ /var/www/git/$1
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AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}.(pack|idx))$ /var/www/git/$1
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ScriptAliasMatch \
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"(?x)^/git/(.*/(HEAD | \
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info/refs | \
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objects/info/[^/]+ | \
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git-(upload|receive)-pack))$" \
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/usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/$1
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ScriptAlias /git/ /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/
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----------------------------------------------------------------
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ENVIRONMENT
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-----------
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'git http-backend' relies upon the CGI environment variables set
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by the invoking web server, including:
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* PATH_INFO (if GIT_PROJECT_ROOT is set, otherwise PATH_TRANSLATED)
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* REMOTE_USER
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* REMOTE_ADDR
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* CONTENT_TYPE
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* QUERY_STRING
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* REQUEST_METHOD
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The backend process sets GIT_COMMITTER_NAME to '$REMOTE_USER' and
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GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL to '$\{REMOTE_USER}@http.$\{REMOTE_ADDR\}',
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ensuring that any reflogs created by 'git-receive-pack' contain some
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identifying information of the remote user who performed the push.
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All CGI environment variables are available to each of the hooks
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invoked by the 'git-receive-pack'.
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Author
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------
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Written by Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>.
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Documentation
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--------------
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Documentation by Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>.
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GIT
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---
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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