d1caa58954
Various documentation mark-up fixes to make the output more
consistent in general and also make AsciiDoctor (an alternative
formatter) happier.
* jk/asciidoc-markup-fix:
doc: convert AsciiDoc {?foo} to ifdef::foo[]
doc: put example URLs and emails inside literal backticks
doc: drop backslash quoting of some curly braces
doc: convert \--option to --option
doc/add: reformat `--edit` option
doc: fix length of underlined section-title
doc: fix hanging "+"-continuation
doc: fix unquoted use of "{type}"
doc: fix misrendering due to `single quote'
412 lines
14 KiB
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412 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
git-add(1)
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==========
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NAME
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----
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git-add - Add file contents to the index
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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[verse]
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'git add' [--verbose | -v] [--dry-run | -n] [--force | -f] [--interactive | -i] [--patch | -p]
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[--edit | -e] [--[no-]all | --[no-]ignore-removal | [--update | -u]]
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[--intent-to-add | -N] [--refresh] [--ignore-errors] [--ignore-missing]
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[--] [<pathspec>...]
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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This command updates the index using the current content found in
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the working tree, to prepare the content staged for the next commit.
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It typically adds the current content of existing paths as a whole,
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but with some options it can also be used to add content with
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only part of the changes made to the working tree files applied, or
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remove paths that do not exist in the working tree anymore.
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The "index" holds a snapshot of the content of the working tree, and it
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is this snapshot that is taken as the contents of the next commit. Thus
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after making any changes to the working directory, and before running
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the commit command, you must use the `add` command to add any new or
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modified files to the index.
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This command can be performed multiple times before a commit. It only
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adds the content of the specified file(s) at the time the add command is
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run; if you want subsequent changes included in the next commit, then
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you must run `git add` again to add the new content to the index.
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The `git status` command can be used to obtain a summary of which
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files have changes that are staged for the next commit.
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The `git add` command will not add ignored files by default. If any
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ignored files were explicitly specified on the command line, `git add`
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will fail with a list of ignored files. Ignored files reached by
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directory recursion or filename globbing performed by Git (quote your
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globs before the shell) will be silently ignored. The 'git add' command can
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be used to add ignored files with the `-f` (force) option.
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Please see linkgit:git-commit[1] for alternative ways to add content to a
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commit.
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OPTIONS
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-------
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<pathspec>...::
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Files to add content from. Fileglobs (e.g. `*.c`) can
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be given to add all matching files. Also a
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leading directory name (e.g. `dir` to add `dir/file1`
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and `dir/file2`) can be given to update the index to
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match the current state of the directory as a whole (e.g.
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specifying `dir` will record not just a file `dir/file1`
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modified in the working tree, a file `dir/file2` added to
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the working tree, but also a file `dir/file3` removed from
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the working tree. Note that older versions of Git used
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to ignore removed files; use `--no-all` option if you want
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to add modified or new files but ignore removed ones.
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-n::
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--dry-run::
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Don't actually add the file(s), just show if they exist and/or will
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be ignored.
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-v::
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--verbose::
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Be verbose.
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-f::
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--force::
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Allow adding otherwise ignored files.
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-i::
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--interactive::
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Add modified contents in the working tree interactively to
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the index. Optional path arguments may be supplied to limit
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operation to a subset of the working tree. See ``Interactive
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mode'' for details.
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-p::
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--patch::
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Interactively choose hunks of patch between the index and the
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work tree and add them to the index. This gives the user a chance
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to review the difference before adding modified contents to the
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index.
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+
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This effectively runs `add --interactive`, but bypasses the
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initial command menu and directly jumps to the `patch` subcommand.
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See ``Interactive mode'' for details.
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-e::
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--edit::
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Open the diff vs. the index in an editor and let the user
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edit it. After the editor was closed, adjust the hunk headers
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and apply the patch to the index.
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+
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The intent of this option is to pick and choose lines of the patch to
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apply, or even to modify the contents of lines to be staged. This can be
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quicker and more flexible than using the interactive hunk selector.
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However, it is easy to confuse oneself and create a patch that does not
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apply to the index. See EDITING PATCHES below.
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-u::
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--update::
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Update the index just where it already has an entry matching
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<pathspec>. This removes as well as modifies index entries to
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match the working tree, but adds no new files.
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+
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If no <pathspec> is given when `-u` option is used, all
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tracked files in the entire working tree are updated (old versions
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of Git used to limit the update to the current directory and its
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subdirectories).
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-A::
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--all::
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--no-ignore-removal::
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Update the index not only where the working tree has a file
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matching <pathspec> but also where the index already has an
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entry. This adds, modifies, and removes index entries to
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match the working tree.
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+
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If no <pathspec> is given when `-A` option is used, all
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files in the entire working tree are updated (old versions
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of Git used to limit the update to the current directory and its
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subdirectories).
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--no-all::
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--ignore-removal::
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Update the index by adding new files that are unknown to the
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index and files modified in the working tree, but ignore
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files that have been removed from the working tree. This
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option is a no-op when no <pathspec> is used.
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+
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This option is primarily to help users who are used to older
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versions of Git, whose "git add <pathspec>..." was a synonym
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for "git add --no-all <pathspec>...", i.e. ignored removed files.
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-N::
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--intent-to-add::
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Record only the fact that the path will be added later. An entry
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for the path is placed in the index with no content. This is
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useful for, among other things, showing the unstaged content of
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such files with `git diff` and committing them with `git commit
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-a`.
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--refresh::
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Don't add the file(s), but only refresh their stat()
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information in the index.
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--ignore-errors::
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If some files could not be added because of errors indexing
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them, do not abort the operation, but continue adding the
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others. The command shall still exit with non-zero status.
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The configuration variable `add.ignoreErrors` can be set to
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true to make this the default behaviour.
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--ignore-missing::
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This option can only be used together with --dry-run. By using
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this option the user can check if any of the given files would
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be ignored, no matter if they are already present in the work
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tree or not.
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\--::
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This option can be used to separate command-line options from
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the list of files, (useful when filenames might be mistaken
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for command-line options).
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Configuration
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-------------
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The optional configuration variable `core.excludesFile` indicates a path to a
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file containing patterns of file names to exclude from git-add, similar to
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$GIT_DIR/info/exclude. Patterns in the exclude file are used in addition to
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those in info/exclude. See linkgit:gitignore[5].
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EXAMPLES
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--------
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* Adds content from all `*.txt` files under `Documentation` directory
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and its subdirectories:
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+
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------------
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$ git add Documentation/\*.txt
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------------
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Note that the asterisk `*` is quoted from the shell in this
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example; this lets the command include the files from
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subdirectories of `Documentation/` directory.
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* Considers adding content from all git-*.sh scripts:
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------------
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$ git add git-*.sh
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------------
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Because this example lets the shell expand the asterisk (i.e. you are
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listing the files explicitly), it does not consider
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`subdir/git-foo.sh`.
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Interactive mode
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----------------
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When the command enters the interactive mode, it shows the
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output of the 'status' subcommand, and then goes into its
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interactive command loop.
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The command loop shows the list of subcommands available, and
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gives a prompt "What now> ". In general, when the prompt ends
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with a single '>', you can pick only one of the choices given
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and type return, like this:
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------------
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*** Commands ***
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1: status 2: update 3: revert 4: add untracked
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5: patch 6: diff 7: quit 8: help
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What now> 1
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------------
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You also could say `s` or `sta` or `status` above as long as the
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choice is unique.
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The main command loop has 6 subcommands (plus help and quit).
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status::
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This shows the change between HEAD and index (i.e. what will be
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committed if you say `git commit`), and between index and
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working tree files (i.e. what you could stage further before
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`git commit` using `git add`) for each path. A sample output
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looks like this:
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+
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------------
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staged unstaged path
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1: binary nothing foo.png
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2: +403/-35 +1/-1 git-add--interactive.perl
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------------
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It shows that foo.png has differences from HEAD (but that is
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binary so line count cannot be shown) and there is no
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difference between indexed copy and the working tree
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version (if the working tree version were also different,
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'binary' would have been shown in place of 'nothing'). The
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other file, git-add{litdd}interactive.perl, has 403 lines added
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and 35 lines deleted if you commit what is in the index, but
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working tree file has further modifications (one addition and
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one deletion).
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update::
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This shows the status information and issues an "Update>>"
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prompt. When the prompt ends with double '>>', you can
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make more than one selection, concatenated with whitespace or
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comma. Also you can say ranges. E.g. "2-5 7,9" to choose
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2,3,4,5,7,9 from the list. If the second number in a range is
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omitted, all remaining patches are taken. E.g. "7-" to choose
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7,8,9 from the list. You can say '*' to choose everything.
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+
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What you chose are then highlighted with '*',
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like this:
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+
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------------
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staged unstaged path
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1: binary nothing foo.png
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* 2: +403/-35 +1/-1 git-add--interactive.perl
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------------
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+
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To remove selection, prefix the input with `-`
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like this:
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+
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------------
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Update>> -2
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------------
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After making the selection, answer with an empty line to stage the
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contents of working tree files for selected paths in the index.
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revert::
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This has a very similar UI to 'update', and the staged
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information for selected paths are reverted to that of the
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HEAD version. Reverting new paths makes them untracked.
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add untracked::
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This has a very similar UI to 'update' and
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'revert', and lets you add untracked paths to the index.
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patch::
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This lets you choose one path out of a 'status' like selection.
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After choosing the path, it presents the diff between the index
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and the working tree file and asks you if you want to stage
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the change of each hunk. You can select one of the following
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options and type return:
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y - stage this hunk
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n - do not stage this hunk
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q - quit; do not stage this hunk or any of the remaining ones
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a - stage this hunk and all later hunks in the file
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d - do not stage this hunk or any of the later hunks in the file
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g - select a hunk to go to
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/ - search for a hunk matching the given regex
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j - leave this hunk undecided, see next undecided hunk
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J - leave this hunk undecided, see next hunk
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k - leave this hunk undecided, see previous undecided hunk
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K - leave this hunk undecided, see previous hunk
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s - split the current hunk into smaller hunks
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e - manually edit the current hunk
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? - print help
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+
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After deciding the fate for all hunks, if there is any hunk
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that was chosen, the index is updated with the selected hunks.
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+
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You can omit having to type return here, by setting the configuration
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variable `interactive.singleKey` to `true`.
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diff::
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This lets you review what will be committed (i.e. between
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HEAD and index).
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EDITING PATCHES
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---------------
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Invoking `git add -e` or selecting `e` from the interactive hunk
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selector will open a patch in your editor; after the editor exits, the
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result is applied to the index. You are free to make arbitrary changes
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to the patch, but note that some changes may have confusing results, or
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even result in a patch that cannot be applied. If you want to abort the
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operation entirely (i.e., stage nothing new in the index), simply delete
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all lines of the patch. The list below describes some common things you
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may see in a patch, and which editing operations make sense on them.
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--
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added content::
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Added content is represented by lines beginning with "{plus}". You can
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prevent staging any addition lines by deleting them.
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removed content::
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Removed content is represented by lines beginning with "-". You can
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prevent staging their removal by converting the "-" to a " " (space).
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modified content::
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Modified content is represented by "-" lines (removing the old content)
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followed by "{plus}" lines (adding the replacement content). You can
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prevent staging the modification by converting "-" lines to " ", and
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removing "{plus}" lines. Beware that modifying only half of the pair is
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likely to introduce confusing changes to the index.
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--
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There are also more complex operations that can be performed. But beware
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that because the patch is applied only to the index and not the working
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tree, the working tree will appear to "undo" the change in the index.
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For example, introducing a new line into the index that is in neither
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the HEAD nor the working tree will stage the new line for commit, but
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the line will appear to be reverted in the working tree.
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Avoid using these constructs, or do so with extreme caution.
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--
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removing untouched content::
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Content which does not differ between the index and working tree may be
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shown on context lines, beginning with a " " (space). You can stage
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context lines for removal by converting the space to a "-". The
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resulting working tree file will appear to re-add the content.
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modifying existing content::
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One can also modify context lines by staging them for removal (by
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converting " " to "-") and adding a "{plus}" line with the new content.
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Similarly, one can modify "{plus}" lines for existing additions or
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modifications. In all cases, the new modification will appear reverted
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in the working tree.
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new content::
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You may also add new content that does not exist in the patch; simply
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add new lines, each starting with "{plus}". The addition will appear
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reverted in the working tree.
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--
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There are also several operations which should be avoided entirely, as
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they will make the patch impossible to apply:
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* adding context (" ") or removal ("-") lines
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* deleting context or removal lines
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* modifying the contents of context or removal lines
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SEE ALSO
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--------
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linkgit:git-status[1]
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linkgit:git-rm[1]
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linkgit:git-reset[1]
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linkgit:git-mv[1]
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linkgit:git-commit[1]
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linkgit:git-update-index[1]
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GIT
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---
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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