139 lines
4.6 KiB
Plaintext
139 lines
4.6 KiB
Plaintext
Everyday GIT With 20 Commands Or So
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===================================
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GIT suite has over 100 commands, and the manual page for each of
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them discusses what the command does and how it is used in
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detail, but until you know what command should be used in order
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to achieve what you want to do, you cannot tell which manual
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page to look at, and if you know that already you do not need
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the manual.
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Does that mean you need to know all of them before you can use
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git? Not at all. Depending on the role you play, the set of
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commands you need to know is slightly different, but in any case
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what you need to learn is far smaller than the full set of
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commands to carry out your day-to-day work. This document is to
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serve as a cheat-sheet and a set of pointers for people playing
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various roles.
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<<Basic Repository>> commands are needed by people who has a
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repository --- that is everybody, because every working tree of
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git is a repository.
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In addition, <<Individual Developer (Standalone)>> commands are
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essential for anybody who makes a commit, even for somebody who
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works alone.
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If you work with other people, you will need commands listed in
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<<Individual Developer (Participant)>> section as well.
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People who play <<Integrator>> role need to learn some more
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commands in addition to the above.
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<<Repository Administration>> commands are for system
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administrators who are responsible to care and feed git
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repositories to support developers.
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Basic Repository[[Basic Repository]]
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------------------------------------
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Everybody uses these commands to feed and care git repositories.
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* gitlink:git-init-db[1] or gitlink:git-clone[1] to create a
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new repository.
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* gitlink:git-fsck-objects[1] to validate the repository.
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* gitlink:git-prune[1] to garbage collect crufts in the
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repository.
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* gitlink:git-repack[1] to pack loose objects for efficiency.
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Individual Developer (Standalone)[[Individual Developer (Standalone)]]
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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A standalone individual developer does not exchange patches with
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other poeple, and works alone in a single repository, using the
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following commands.
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* gitlink:git-show-branch[1] to see where you are.
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* gitlink:git-diff[1] and gitlink:git-status[1] to see what
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you are in the middle of doing.
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* gitlink:git-log[1] to see what happened.
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* gitlink:git-whatchanged[1] to find out where things have
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come from.
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* gitlink:git-checkout[1] and gitlink:git-branch[1] to switch
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branches.
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* gitlink:git-update-index[1] to manage the index file.
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* gitlink:git-commit[1] to advance the current branch.
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* gitlink:git-reset[1] and gitlink:git-checkout[1] (with
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pathname parameters) to undo changes.
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* gitlink:git-pull[1] with "." as the remote to merge between
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local branches.
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* gitlink:git-rebase[1] to maintain topic branches.
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Individual Developer (Participant)[[Individual Developer (Participant)]]
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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A developer working as a participant in a group project needs to
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learn how to communicate with others, and uses these commands in
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addition to the ones needed by a standalone developer.
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* gitlink:git-pull[1] from "origin" to keep up-to-date with
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the upstream.
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* gitlink:git-push[1] to shared repository if you adopt CVS
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style shared repository workflow.
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* gitlink:git-format-patch[1] to prepare e-mail submission, if
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you adopt Linux kernel-style public forum workflow.
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Integrator[[Integrator]]
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------------------------
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A fairly central person acting as the integrator in a group
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project receives changes made by others, reviews and integrates
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them and publishes the result for others to use, using these
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commands in addition to the ones needed by participants.
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* gitlink:git-am[1] to apply patches e-mailed in from your
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contributors.
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* gitlink:git-pull[1] to merge from your trusted lieutenants.
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* gitlink:git-format-patch[1] to prepare and send suggested
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alternative to contributors.
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* gitlink:git-revert[1] to undo botched commits.
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* gitlink:git-push[1] to publish the bleeding edge.
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Repository Administration[[Repository Administration]]
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------------------------------------------------------
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A repository administrator uses the following tools to set up
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and maintain access to the repository by developers.
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* gitlink:git-daemon[1] to allow anonymous download from
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repository.
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* gitlink:git-shell[1] can be used as a 'restricted login shell'
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for shared central repository users.
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* link:howto/update-hook-example.txt[update hook howto] has a
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good example of managing a shared central repository.
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