182 lines
6.7 KiB
Plaintext
182 lines
6.7 KiB
Plaintext
git repository layout
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=====================
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You may find these things in your git repository (`.git`
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directory for a repository associated with your working tree, or
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`'project'.git` directory for a public 'bare' repository).
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objects::
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Object store associated with this repository. Usually
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an object store is self sufficient (i.e. all the objects
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that are referred to by an object found in it are also
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found in it), but there are couple of ways to violate
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it.
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+
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. You could populate the repository by running a commit walker
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without `-a` option. Depending on which options are given, you
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could have only commit objects without associated blobs and
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trees this way, for example. A repository with this kind of
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incomplete object store is not suitable to be published to the
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outside world but sometimes useful for private repository.
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. You also could have an incomplete but locally usable repository
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by cloning shallowly. See gitlink:git-clone[1].
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. You can be using `objects/info/alternates` mechanism, or
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`$GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES` mechanism to 'borrow'
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objects from other object stores. A repository with this kind
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of incomplete object store is not suitable to be published for
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use with dumb transports but otherwise is OK as long as
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`objects/info/alternates` points at the right object stores
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it borrows from.
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objects/[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]::
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Traditionally, each object is stored in its own file.
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They are split into 256 subdirectories using the first
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two letters from its object name to keep the number of
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directory entries `objects` directory itself needs to
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hold. Objects found here are often called 'unpacked'
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(or 'loose') objects.
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objects/pack::
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Packs (files that store many object in compressed form,
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along with index files to allow them to be randomly
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accessed) are found in this directory.
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objects/info::
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Additional information about the object store is
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recorded in this directory.
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objects/info/packs::
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This file is to help dumb transports discover what packs
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are available in this object store. Whenever a pack is
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added or removed, `git update-server-info` should be run
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to keep this file up-to-date if the repository is
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published for dumb transports. `git repack` does this
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by default.
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objects/info/alternates::
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This file records paths to alternate object stores that
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this object store borrows objects from, one pathname per
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line. Note that not only native Git tools use it locally,
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but the HTTP fetcher also tries to use it remotely; this
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will usually work if you have relative paths (relative
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to the object database, not to the repository!) in your
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alternates file, but it will not work if you use absolute
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paths unless the absolute path in filesystem and web URL
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is the same. See also 'objects/info/http-alternates'.
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objects/info/http-alternates::
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This file records URLs to alternate object stores that
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this object store borrows objects from, to be used when
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the repository is fetched over HTTP.
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refs::
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References are stored in subdirectories of this
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directory. The `git prune` command knows to keep
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objects reachable from refs found in this directory and
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its subdirectories.
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refs/heads/`name`::
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records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branch `name`
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refs/tags/`name`::
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records any object name (not necessarily a commit
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object, or a tag object that points at a commit object).
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refs/remotes/`name`::
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records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branches copied
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from a remote repository.
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packed-refs::
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records the same information as refs/heads/, refs/tags/,
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and friends record in a more efficient way. See
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gitlink:git-pack-refs[1].
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HEAD::
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A symref (see glossary) to the `refs/heads/` namespace
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describing the currently active branch. It does not mean
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much if the repository is not associated with any working tree
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(i.e. a 'bare' repository), but a valid git repository
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*must* have the HEAD file; some porcelains may use it to
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guess the designated "default" branch of the repository
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(usually 'master'). It is legal if the named branch
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'name' does not (yet) exist. In some legacy setups, it is
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a symbolic link instead of a symref that points at the current
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branch.
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+
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HEAD can also record a specific commit directly, instead of
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being a symref to point at the current branch. Such a state
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is often called 'detached HEAD', and almost all commands work
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identically as normal. See gitlink:git-checkout[1] for
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details.
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branches::
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A slightly deprecated way to store shorthands to be used
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to specify URL to `git fetch`, `git pull` and `git push`
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commands is to store a file in `branches/'name'` and
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give 'name' to these commands in place of 'repository'
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argument.
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hooks::
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Hooks are customization scripts used by various git
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commands. A handful of sample hooks are installed when
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`git init` is run, but all of them are disabled by
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default. To enable, they need to be made executable.
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Read link:hooks.html[hooks] for more details about
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each hook.
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index::
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The current index file for the repository. It is
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usually not found in a bare repository.
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info::
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Additional information about the repository is recorded
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in this directory.
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info/refs::
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This file is to help dumb transports to discover what
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refs are available in this repository. Whenever you
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create/delete a new branch or a new tag, `git
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update-server-info` should be run to keep this file
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up-to-date if the repository is published for dumb
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transports. The `git-receive-pack` command, which is
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run on a remote repository when you `git push` into it,
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runs `hooks/update` hook to help you achieve this.
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info/grafts::
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This file records fake commit ancestry information, to
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pretend the set of parents a commit has is different
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from how the commit was actually created. One record
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per line describes a commit and its fake parents by
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listing their 40-byte hexadecimal object names separated
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by a space and terminated by a newline.
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info/exclude::
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This file, by convention among Porcelains, stores the
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exclude pattern list. `.gitignore` is the per-directory
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ignore file. `git status`, `git add`, `git rm` and `git
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clean` look at it but the core git commands do not look
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at it. See also: gitlink:git-ls-files[1] `--exclude-from`
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and `--exclude-per-directory`.
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remotes::
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Stores shorthands to be used to give URL and default
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refnames to interact with remote repository to `git
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fetch`, `git pull` and `git push` commands.
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logs::
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Records of changes made to refs are stored in this
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directory. See the documentation on git-update-ref
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for more information.
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logs/refs/heads/`name`::
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Records all changes made to the branch tip named `name`.
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logs/refs/tags/`name`::
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Records all changes made to the tag named `name`.
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shallow::
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This is similar to `info/grafts` but is internally used
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and maintained by shallow clone mechanism. See `--depth`
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option to gitlink:git-clone[1] and gitlink:git-fetch[1].
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