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git-commit-vandalism/Documentation/git.txt
Junio C Hamano 905197de9f Update the main documentation index. 
Gitzilla updated bunch of undocumented command pages, so move the
entries in the main documentation index around to put them in proper
category.  Ordering within category will be fixed later.

Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
2005-08-26 21:33:46 -07:00

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git(7)
======
v0.99.5, Aug 2005
NAME
----
git - the stupid content tracker
SYNOPSIS
--------
'git-<command>' <args>
DESCRIPTION
-----------
This is reference information for the core git commands.
Before reading this cover to cover, you may want to take a look
at the link:tutorial.html[tutorial] document.
The Discussion section below contains much useful definition and
clarification info - read that first. And of the commands, I suggest
reading link:git-update-cache.html[git-update-cache] and
link:git-read-tree.html[git-read-tree] first - I wish I had!
After you get the general feel from the tutorial and this
overview page, you may want to take a look at the
link:howto-index.html[howto] documents.
David Greaves <david@dgreaves.com>
08/05/05
Updated by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> on 2005-05-05 to
reflect recent changes.
Commands Overview
-----------------
The git commands can helpfully be split into those that manipulate
the repository, the cache and the working fileset, those that
interrogate and compare them, and those that moves objects and
references between repositories.
In addition, git itself comes with a spartan set of porcelain
commands. They are usable but are not meant to compete with real
Porcelains.
There are also some ancillary programs that can be viewed as useful
aids for using the core commands but which are unlikely to be used by
SCMs layered over git.
Manipulation commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
link:git-checkout-cache.html[git-checkout-cache]::
Copy files from the cache to the working directory
link:git-commit-tree.html[git-commit-tree]::
Creates a new commit object
link:git-init-db.html[git-init-db]::
Creates an empty git object database
link:git-merge-base.html[git-merge-base]::
Finds as good a common ancestor as possible for a merge
link:git-mktag.html[git-mktag]::
Creates a tag object
link:git-read-tree.html[git-read-tree]::
Reads tree information into the directory cache
link:git-update-cache.html[git-update-cache]::
Modifies the index or directory cache
link:git-hash-object.html[git-hash-object]::
Computes the object ID from a file.
link:git-write-tree.html[git-write-tree]::
Creates a tree from the current cache
link:git-pack-objects.html[git-pack-objects]::
Creates a packed archive of objects.
link:git-unpack-objects.html[git-unpack-objects]::
Unpacks objects out of a packed archive.
link:git-prune-packed.html[git-prune-packed]::
Remove extra objects that are already in pack files.
link:git-apply.html[git-apply]::
Reads a "diff -up1" or git generated patch file and
applies it to the working tree.
Interrogation commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
link:git-cat-file.html[git-cat-file]::
Provide content or type information for repository objects
link:git-diff-cache.html[git-diff-cache]::
Compares content and mode of blobs between the cache and repository
link:git-diff-files.html[git-diff-files]::
Compares files in the working tree and the cache
link:git-diff-tree.html[git-diff-tree]::
Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects
link:git-diff-stages.html[git-diff-stages]::
Compares two "merge stages" in the index file.
link:git-export.html[git-export]::
Exports each commit and a diff against each of its parents
link:git-fsck-cache.html[git-fsck-cache]::
Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database
link:git-ls-files.html[git-ls-files]::
Information about files in the cache/working directory
link:git-ls-tree.html[git-ls-tree]::
Displays a tree object in human readable form
link:git-merge-cache.html[git-merge-cache]::
Runs a merge for files needing merging
link:git-rev-list.html[git-rev-list]::
Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order
link:git-rev-tree.html[git-rev-tree]::
Provides the revision tree for one or more commits
link:git-tar-tree.html[git-tar-tree]::
Creates a tar archive of the files in the named tree
link:git-unpack-file.html[git-unpack-file]::
Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents
link:git-var.html[git-var]::
Displays a git logical variable
link:git-show-index.html[git-show-index]::
Displays contents of a pack idx file.
link:git-verify-pack.html[git-verify-pack]::
Validates packed GIT archive files
The interrogate commands may create files - and you can force them to
touch the working file set - but in general they don't
Synching repositories
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
link:git-clone-script.html[git-clone-script]::
Clones a repository into the current repository (user interface)
link:git-clone-pack.html[git-clone-pack]::
Clones a repository into the current repository (engine
for ssh and local transport)
link:git-http-pull.html[git-http-pull]::
Downloads a remote GIT repository via HTTP
link:git-local-pull.html[git-local-pull]::
Duplicates another GIT repository on a local system
link:git-ssh-pull.html[git-ssh-pull]::
Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection
link:git-send-pack.html[git-send-pack]::
Pushes to a remote repository, intelligently.
link:git-receive-pack.html[git-receive-pack]::
Invoked by 'git-send-pack' to receive what is pushed to it.
link:git-clone-pack.html[git-clone-pack]::
Clones from a remote repository.
link:git-fetch-pack.html[git-fetch-pack]::
Updates from a remote repository.
link:git-peek-remote.html[git-peek-remote]::
Lists references on a remote repository using upload-pack protocol.
link:git-upload-pack.html[git-upload-pack]::
Invoked by 'git-clone-pack' and 'git-fetch-pack' to push
what are asked for.
link:git-update-server-info.html[git-update-server-info]::
Updates auxiliary information on a dumb server to help
clients discover references and packs on it.
Porcelain-ish Commands
----------------------
link:git-revert-script.html[git-revert-script]::
Revert an existing commit.
link:git-rebase-script.html[git-rebase-script]::
Rebase local commits to new upstream head.
link:git-add-script.html[git-add-script]::
Add paths to the index file.
link:git-branch-script.html[git-branch-script]::
Create and Show branches.
link:git-whatchanged.html[git-whatchanged]::
Shows commit logs and differences they introduce.
link:git-log-script.html[git-log-script]::
Shows commit logs.
link:git-shortlog.html[git-shortlog]::
Summarizes 'git log' output.
link:git-status-script.html[git-status-script]::
Shows the working tree status.
link:git-fetch-script.html[git-fetch-script]::
Download from a remote repository via various protocols.
link:git-pull-script.html[git-pull-script]::
Fetch from and merge with a remote repository.
link:git-resolve-script.html[git-resolve-script]::
Merge two commits.
link:git-octopus-script.html[git-octopus-script]::
Merge more than two commits.
link:git-push-script.html[git-push-script]::
Update remote refs along with associated objects.
link:git-commit-script.html[git-commit-script]::
Record changes to the repository.
link:git-show-branch.html[git-show-branch]::
Show branches and their commits.
link:git-repack-script.html[git-repack-script]::
Pack unpacked objects in a repository.
link:git-rename-script.html[git-rename]::
Rename files and directories.
link:git-ls-remote-script.html[git-ls-remote-script]::
Shows references in a remote or local repository.
link:git-verify-tag-script.html[git-verify-tag-script]::
Check the GPG signature of tag.
Ancillary Commands
------------------
Manipulators:
link:git-relink-script.html[git-relink-script]::
Hardlink common objects in local repositories.
link:git-apply-patch-script.html[git-apply-patch-script]::
Sample script to apply the diffs from git-diff-*
link:git-convert-cache.html[git-convert-cache]::
Converts old-style GIT repository
link:git-merge-one-file-script.html[git-merge-one-file-script]::
The standard helper program to use with "git-merge-cache"
link:git-prune-script.html[git-prune-script]::
Prunes all unreachable objects from the object database
link:git-tag-script.html[git-tag-script]::
An example script to create a tag object signed with GPG
link:git-cvsimport-script.html[git-cvsimport-script]::
Salvage your data out of another SCM people love to hate.
Interrogators:
link:git-patch-id.html[git-patch-id]::
Compute unique ID for a patch.
link:git-count-objects-script.html[git-count-objects-script]::
Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption.
link:git-cherry.html[git-cherry]::
Find commits not merged upstream.
link:git-diff-helper.html[git-diff-helper]::
Generates patch format output for git-diff-*
link:git-ssh-push.html[git-ssh-push]::
Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-pull
link:git-send-email-script.html[git-send-email]::
Send patch e-mails out of "format-patch --mbox" output.
link:git-sh-setup-script.html[git-sh-setup-script]::
Common git shell script setup code.
Commands not yet documented
---------------------------
link:git-applymbox.html[git-applymbox]::
git-applymbox.
link:git-applypatch.html[git-applypatch]::
git-applypatch.
link:git-mailinfo.html[git-mailinfo]::
git-mailinfo.
link:git-mailsplit.html[git-mailsplit]::
git-mailsplit.
link:git-bisect-script.html[git-bisect-script]::
git-bisect-script.
link:git-build-rev-cache.html[git-build-rev-cache]::
git-build-rev-cache.
link:git-checkout-script.html[git-checkout-script]::
git-checkout-script.
link:git-clone-dumb-http.html[git-clone-dumb-http]::
git-clone-dumb-http.
link:git-daemon.html[git-daemon]::
git-daemon.
link:git-diff-script.html[git-diff-script]::
git-diff-script.
link:git-format-patch-script.html[git-format-patch-script]::
git-format-patch-script.
link:git-get-tar-commit-id.html[git-get-tar-commit-id]::
git-get-tar-commit-id.
link:git-request-pull-script.html[git-request-pull-script]::
git-request-pull-script.
link:git-reset-script.html[git-reset-script]::
git-reset-script.
link:git-rev-parse.html[git-rev-parse]::
git-rev-parse.
link:git-show-rev-cache.html[git-show-rev-cache]::
git-show-rev-cache.
link:git-stripspace.html[git-stripspace]::
git-stripspace.
link:gitk.html[gitk]::
gitk.
Identifier Terminology
----------------------
<object>::
Indicates the sha1 identifier for any type of object
<blob>::
Indicates a blob object sha1 identifier
<tree>::
Indicates a tree object sha1 identifier
<commit>::
Indicates a commit object sha1 identifier
<tree-ish>::
Indicates a tree, commit or tag object sha1 identifier. A
command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
<commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
<type>::
Indicates that an object type is required.
Currently one of: blob/tree/commit/tag
<file>::
Indicates a filename - always relative to the root of
the tree structure GIT_INDEX_FILE describes.
Symbolic Identifiers
--------------------
Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
symbolic notation:
HEAD::
indicates the head of the repository (ie the contents of
`$GIT_DIR/HEAD`)
<tag>::
a valid tag 'name'+
(ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`)
<head>::
a valid head 'name'+
(ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`)
<snap>::
a valid snapshot 'name'+
(ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/snap/<snap>`)
File/Directory Structure
------------------------
The git-core manipulates the following areas in the directory:
.git/ The base (overridden with $GIT_DIR)
objects/ The object base (overridden with $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY)
??/ 'First 2 chars of object' directories.
pack/ Packed archives.
refs/ Directories containing symbolic names for objects
(each file contains the hex SHA1 + newline)
heads/ Commits which are heads of various sorts
tags/ Tags, by the tag name (or some local renaming of it)
*/ Any other subdirectory of refs/ can be used to store
files similar to what are under refs/heads/.
HEAD Symlink to refs/heads/<current-branch-name>
Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
GIT_DIR.
Terminology
-----------
Please see link:glossary.html[glossary] document.
Environment Variables
---------------------
Various git commands use the following environment variables:
The git Repository
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
git so take care if using Cogito etc
'GIT_INDEX_FILE'::
This environment allows the specification of an alternate
cache/index file. If not specified, the default of
`$GIT_DIR/index` is used.
'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
If the object storage directory is specified via this
environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
directory is used.
'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
specifies a ":" separated list of git object directories which
can be used to search for git objects. New objects will not be
written to these directories.
'GIT_DIR'::
If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it specifies
a path to use instead of `./.git` for the base of the
repository.
git Commits
~~~~~~~~~~~
'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME'::
'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL'::
'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE'::
'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
see link:git-commit-tree.html[git-commit-tree]
git Diffs
~~~~~~~~~
'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'::
'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
see the "generating patches" section in :
link:git-diff-cache.html[git-diff-cache];
link:git-diff-files.html[git-diff-files];
link:git-diff-tree.html[git-diff-tree]
Discussion
----------
include::../README[]
Author
------
Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
Documentation
--------------
Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
GIT
---
Part of the link:git.html[git] suite
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