483bc4f045
Following what appears to be the predominant style, format
names of commands and commandlines both as `teletype text`.
While we're at it, add articles ("a" and "the") in some
places, italicize the name of the command in the manual page
synopsis line, and add a comma or two where it seems appropriate.
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
142 lines
4.9 KiB
Plaintext
142 lines
4.9 KiB
Plaintext
gitignore(5)
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============
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NAME
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----
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gitignore - Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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$GIT_DIR/info/exclude, .gitignore
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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A `gitignore` file specifies intentionally untracked files that
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git should ignore. Each line in a `gitignore` file specifies a
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pattern.
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When deciding whether to ignore a path, git normally checks
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`gitignore` patterns from multiple sources, with the following
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order of precedence, from highest to lowest (within one level of
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precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome):
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* Patterns read from the command line for those commands that support
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them.
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* Patterns read from a `.gitignore` file in the same directory
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as the path, or in any parent directory, with patterns in the
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higher level files (up to the root) being overridden by those in
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lower level files down to the directory containing the file.
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These patterns match relative to the location of the
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`.gitignore` file. A project normally includes such
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`.gitignore` files in its repository, containing patterns for
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files generated as part of the project build.
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* Patterns read from `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude`.
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* Patterns read from the file specified by the configuration
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variable 'core.excludesfile'.
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Which file to place a pattern in depends on how the pattern is meant to
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be used. Patterns which should be version-controlled and distributed to
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other repositories via clone (i.e., files that all developers will want
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to ignore) should go into a `.gitignore` file. Patterns which are
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specific to a particular repository but which do not need to be shared
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with other related repositories (e.g., auxiliary files that live inside
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the repository but are specific to one user's workflow) should go into
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the `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude` file. Patterns which a user wants git to
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ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by
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the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by
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`core.excludesfile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`.
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The underlying git plumbing tools, such as
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`git-ls-files` and `git-read-tree`, read
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`gitignore` patterns specified by command-line options, or from
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files specified by command-line options. Higher-level git
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tools, such as `git-status` and `git-add`,
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use patterns from the sources specified above.
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Patterns have the following format:
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- A blank line matches no files, so it can serve as a separator
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for readability.
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- A line starting with # serves as a comment.
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- An optional prefix '!' which negates the pattern; any
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matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become
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included again. If a negated pattern matches, this will
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override lower precedence patterns sources.
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- If the pattern ends with a slash, it is removed for the
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purpose of the following description, but it would only find
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a match with a directory. In other words, `foo/` will match a
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directory `foo` and paths underneath it, but will not match a
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regular file or a symbolic link `foo` (this is consistent
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with the way how pathspec works in general in git).
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- If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', git treats it as
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a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the
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pathname without leading directories.
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- Otherwise, git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable
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for consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag:
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wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname.
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For example, "Documentation/\*.html" matches
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"Documentation/git.html" but not
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"Documentation/ppc/ppc.html". A leading slash matches the
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beginning of the pathname; for example, "/*.c" matches
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"cat-file.c" but not "mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".
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An example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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$ git status
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[...]
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# Untracked files:
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[...]
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# Documentation/foo.html
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# Documentation/gitignore.html
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# file.o
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# lib.a
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# src/internal.o
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[...]
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$ cat .git/info/exclude
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# ignore objects and archives, anywhere in the tree.
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*.[oa]
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$ cat Documentation/.gitignore
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# ignore generated html files,
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*.html
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# except foo.html which is maintained by hand
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!foo.html
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$ git status
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[...]
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# Untracked files:
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[...]
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# Documentation/foo.html
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[...]
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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Another example:
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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$ cat .gitignore
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vmlinux*
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$ ls arch/foo/kernel/vm*
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arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
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$ echo '!/vmlinux*' >arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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The second .gitignore prevents git from ignoring
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`arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S`.
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Documentation
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-------------
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Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano, Josh Triplett,
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Frank Lichtenheld, and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
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GIT
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---
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Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
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