42d8c27990
Introduce new tests that look more closely at overlay situations when there are conflicting files. Five of these are broken. Document the brokenness. This is a fundamental problem with how git-p4 only "borrows" a client spec. At some sync operation, a new change can contain a file which is already in the repo or explicitly deleted through another mapping. To sort this out would involve listing all the files in the client spec to find one with a higher priority. While this is not too hard for the initial import, subsequent sync operations would be very costly. Signed-off-by: Pete Wyckoff <pw@padd.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
499 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
499 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
git-p4(1)
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=========
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NAME
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----
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git-p4 - Import from and submit to Perforce repositories
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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[verse]
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'git p4 clone' [<sync options>] [<clone options>] <p4 depot path>...
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'git p4 sync' [<sync options>] [<p4 depot path>...]
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'git p4 rebase'
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'git p4 submit' [<submit options>] [<master branch name>]
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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This command provides a way to interact with p4 repositories
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using git.
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Create a new git repository from an existing p4 repository using
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'git p4 clone', giving it one or more p4 depot paths. Incorporate
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new commits from p4 changes with 'git p4 sync'. The 'sync' command
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is also used to include new branches from other p4 depot paths.
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Submit git changes back to p4 using 'git p4 submit'. The command
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'git p4 rebase' does a sync plus rebases the current branch onto
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the updated p4 remote branch.
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EXAMPLE
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-------
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* Create an alias for 'git p4', using the full path to the 'git-p4'
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script if needed:
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+
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------------
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$ git config --global alias.p4 '!git-p4'
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------------
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* Clone a repository:
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+
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------------
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$ git p4 clone //depot/path/project
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------------
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* Do some work in the newly created git repository:
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+
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------------
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$ cd project
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$ vi foo.h
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$ git commit -a -m "edited foo.h"
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------------
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* Update the git repository with recent changes from p4, rebasing your
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work on top:
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+
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------------
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$ git p4 rebase
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------------
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* Submit your commits back to p4:
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+
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------------
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$ git p4 submit
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------------
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COMMANDS
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--------
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Clone
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~~~~~
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Generally, 'git p4 clone' is used to create a new git directory
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from an existing p4 repository:
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------------
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$ git p4 clone //depot/path/project
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------------
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This:
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1. Creates an empty git repository in a subdirectory called 'project'.
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+
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2. Imports the full contents of the head revision from the given p4
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depot path into a single commit in the git branch 'refs/remotes/p4/master'.
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+
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3. Creates a local branch, 'master' from this remote and checks it out.
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To reproduce the entire p4 history in git, use the '@all' modifier on
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the depot path:
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------------
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$ git p4 clone //depot/path/project@all
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------------
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Sync
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~~~~
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As development continues in the p4 repository, those changes can
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be included in the git repository using:
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------------
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$ git p4 sync
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------------
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This command finds new changes in p4 and imports them as git commits.
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P4 repositories can be added to an existing git repository using
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'git p4 sync' too:
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------------
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$ mkdir repo-git
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$ cd repo-git
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$ git init
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$ git p4 sync //path/in/your/perforce/depot
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------------
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This imports the specified depot into
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'refs/remotes/p4/master' in an existing git repository. The
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'--branch' option can be used to specify a different branch to
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be used for the p4 content.
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If a git repository includes branches 'refs/remotes/origin/p4', these
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will be fetched and consulted first during a 'git p4 sync'. Since
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importing directly from p4 is considerably slower than pulling changes
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from a git remote, this can be useful in a multi-developer environment.
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Rebase
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~~~~~~
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A common working pattern is to fetch the latest changes from the p4 depot
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and merge them with local uncommitted changes. Often, the p4 repository
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is the ultimate location for all code, thus a rebase workflow makes
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sense. This command does 'git p4 sync' followed by 'git rebase' to move
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local commits on top of updated p4 changes.
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------------
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$ git p4 rebase
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------------
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Submit
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~~~~~~
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Submitting changes from a git repository back to the p4 repository
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requires a separate p4 client workspace. This should be specified
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using the 'P4CLIENT' environment variable or the git configuration
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variable 'git-p4.client'. The p4 client must exist, but the client root
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will be created and populated if it does not already exist.
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To submit all changes that are in the current git branch but not in
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the 'p4/master' branch, use:
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------------
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$ git p4 submit
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------------
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To specify a branch other than the current one, use:
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------------
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$ git p4 submit topicbranch
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------------
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The upstream reference is generally 'refs/remotes/p4/master', but can
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be overridden using the '--origin=' command-line option.
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The p4 changes will be created as the user invoking 'git p4 submit'. The
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'--preserve-user' option will cause ownership to be modified
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according to the author of the git commit. This option requires admin
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privileges in p4, which can be granted using 'p4 protect'.
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OPTIONS
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-------
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General options
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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All commands except clone accept this option.
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--git-dir <dir>::
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Set the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable. See linkgit:git[1].
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Sync options
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~~~~~~~~~~~~
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These options can be used in the initial 'clone' as well as in
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subsequent 'sync' operations.
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--branch <branch>::
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Import changes into given branch. If the branch starts with
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'refs/', it will be used as is, otherwise the path 'refs/heads/'
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will be prepended. The default branch is 'master'. If used
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with an initial clone, no HEAD will be checked out.
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+
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This example imports a new remote "p4/proj2" into an existing
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git repository:
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----
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$ git init
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$ git p4 sync --branch=refs/remotes/p4/proj2 //depot/proj2
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----
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--detect-branches::
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Use the branch detection algorithm to find new paths in p4. It is
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documented below in "BRANCH DETECTION".
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--changesfile <file>::
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Import exactly the p4 change numbers listed in 'file', one per
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line. Normally, 'git p4' inspects the current p4 repository
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state and detects the changes it should import.
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--silent::
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Do not print any progress information.
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--verbose::
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Provide more progress information.
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--detect-labels::
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Query p4 for labels associated with the depot paths, and add
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them as tags in git.
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--import-local::
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By default, p4 branches are stored in 'refs/remotes/p4/',
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where they will be treated as remote-tracking branches by
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linkgit:git-branch[1] and other commands. This option instead
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puts p4 branches in 'refs/heads/p4/'. Note that future
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sync operations must specify '--import-local' as well so that
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they can find the p4 branches in refs/heads.
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--max-changes <n>::
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Limit the number of imported changes to 'n'. Useful to
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limit the amount of history when using the '@all' p4 revision
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specifier.
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--keep-path::
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The mapping of file names from the p4 depot path to git, by
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default, involves removing the entire depot path. With this
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option, the full p4 depot path is retained in git. For example,
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path '//depot/main/foo/bar.c', when imported from
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'//depot/main/', becomes 'foo/bar.c'. With '--keep-path', the
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git path is instead 'depot/main/foo/bar.c'.
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--use-client-spec::
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Use a client spec to find the list of interesting files in p4.
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See the "CLIENT SPEC" section below.
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Clone options
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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These options can be used in an initial 'clone', along with the 'sync'
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options described above.
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--destination <directory>::
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Where to create the git repository. If not provided, the last
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component in the p4 depot path is used to create a new
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directory.
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--bare::
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Perform a bare clone. See linkgit:git-clone[1].
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-/ <path>::
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Exclude selected depot paths when cloning.
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Submit options
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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These options can be used to modify 'git p4 submit' behavior.
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--verbose::
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Provide more progress information.
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--origin <commit>::
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Upstream location from which commits are identified to submit to
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p4. By default, this is the most recent p4 commit reachable
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from 'HEAD'.
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-M[<n>]::
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Detect renames. See linkgit:git-diff[1]. Renames will be
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represented in p4 using explicit 'move' operations. There
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is no corresponding option to detect copies, but there are
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variables for both moves and copies.
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--preserve-user::
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Re-author p4 changes before submitting to p4. This option
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requires p4 admin privileges.
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DEPOT PATH SYNTAX
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-----------------
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The p4 depot path argument to 'git p4 sync' and 'git p4 clone' can
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be one or more space-separated p4 depot paths, with an optional
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p4 revision specifier on the end:
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"//depot/my/project"::
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Import one commit with all files in the '#head' change under that tree.
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"//depot/my/project@all"::
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Import one commit for each change in the history of that depot path.
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"//depot/my/project@1,6"::
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Import only changes 1 through 6.
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"//depot/proj1@all //depot/proj2@all"::
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Import all changes from both named depot paths into a single
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repository. Only files below these directories are included.
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There is not a subdirectory in git for each "proj1" and "proj2".
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You must use the '--destination' option when specifying more
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than one depot path. The revision specifier must be specified
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identically on each depot path. If there are files in the
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depot paths with the same name, the path with the most recently
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updated version of the file is the one that appears in git.
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See 'p4 help revisions' for the full syntax of p4 revision specifiers.
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CLIENT SPEC
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-----------
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The p4 client specification is maintained with the 'p4 client' command
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and contains among other fields, a View that specifies how the depot
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is mapped into the client repository. Git-p4 can consult the client
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spec when given the '--use-client-spec' option or useClientSpec
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variable.
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The full syntax for a p4 view is documented in 'p4 help views'. Git-p4
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knows only a subset of the view syntax. It understands multi-line
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mappings, overlays with '+', exclusions with '-' and double-quotes
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around whitespace. Of the possible wildcards, git-p4 only handles
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'...', and only when it is at the end of the path. Git-p4 will complain
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if it encounters an unhandled wildcard.
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Bugs in the implementation of overlap mappings exist. If multiple depot
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paths map through overlays to the same location in the repository,
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git-p4 can choose the wrong one. This is hard to solve without
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dedicating a client spec just for git-p4.
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The name of the client can be given to git-p4 in multiple ways. The
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variable 'git-p4.client' takes precedence if it exists. Otherwise,
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normal p4 mechanisms of determining the client are used: environment
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variable P4CLIENT, a file referenced by P4CONFIG, or the local host name.
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BRANCH DETECTION
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----------------
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P4 does not have the same concept of a branch as git. Instead,
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p4 organizes its content as a directory tree, where by convention
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different logical branches are in different locations in the tree.
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The 'p4 branch' command is used to maintain mappings between
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different areas in the tree, and indicate related content. 'git p4'
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can use these mappings to determine branch relationships.
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If you have a repository where all the branches of interest exist as
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subdirectories of a single depot path, you can use '--detect-branches'
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when cloning or syncing to have 'git p4' automatically find
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subdirectories in p4, and to generate these as branches in git.
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For example, if the P4 repository structure is:
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----
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//depot/main/...
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//depot/branch1/...
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----
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And "p4 branch -o branch1" shows a View line that looks like:
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----
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//depot/main/... //depot/branch1/...
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----
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Then this 'git p4 clone' command:
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----
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git p4 clone --detect-branches //depot@all
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----
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produces a separate branch in 'refs/remotes/p4/' for //depot/main,
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called 'master', and one for //depot/branch1 called 'depot/branch1'.
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However, it is not necessary to create branches in p4 to be able to use
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them like branches. Because it is difficult to infer branch
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relationships automatically, a git configuration setting
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'git-p4.branchList' can be used to explicitly identify branch
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relationships. It is a list of "source:destination" pairs, like a
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simple p4 branch specification, where the "source" and "destination" are
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the path elements in the p4 repository. The example above relied on the
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presence of the p4 branch. Without p4 branches, the same result will
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occur with:
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----
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git config git-p4.branchList main:branch1
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git p4 clone --detect-branches //depot@all
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----
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PERFORMANCE
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-----------
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The fast-import mechanism used by 'git p4' creates one pack file for
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each invocation of 'git p4 sync'. Normally, git garbage compression
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(linkgit:git-gc[1]) automatically compresses these to fewer pack files,
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but explicit invocation of 'git repack -adf' may improve performance.
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CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
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-----------------------
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The following config settings can be used to modify 'git p4' behavior.
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They all are in the 'git-p4' section.
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General variables
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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git-p4.user::
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User specified as an option to all p4 commands, with '-u <user>'.
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The environment variable 'P4USER' can be used instead.
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git-p4.password::
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Password specified as an option to all p4 commands, with
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'-P <password>'.
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The environment variable 'P4PASS' can be used instead.
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git-p4.port::
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Port specified as an option to all p4 commands, with
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'-p <port>'.
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The environment variable 'P4PORT' can be used instead.
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git-p4.host::
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Host specified as an option to all p4 commands, with
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'-h <host>'.
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The environment variable 'P4HOST' can be used instead.
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git-p4.client::
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Client specified as an option to all p4 commands, with
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'-c <client>', including the client spec.
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Clone and sync variables
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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git-p4.syncFromOrigin::
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Because importing commits from other git repositories is much faster
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than importing them from p4, a mechanism exists to find p4 changes
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first in git remotes. If branches exist under 'refs/remote/origin/p4',
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those will be fetched and used when syncing from p4. This
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variable can be set to 'false' to disable this behavior.
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git-p4.branchUser::
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One phase in branch detection involves looking at p4 branches
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to find new ones to import. By default, all branches are
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inspected. This option limits the search to just those owned
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by the single user named in the variable.
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git-p4.branchList::
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List of branches to be imported when branch detection is
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enabled. Each entry should be a pair of branch names separated
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by a colon (:). This example declares that both branchA and
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branchB were created from main:
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-------------
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git config git-p4.branchList main:branchA
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git config --add git-p4.branchList main:branchB
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-------------
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git-p4.useClientSpec::
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Specify that the p4 client spec should be used to identify p4
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depot paths of interest. This is equivalent to specifying the
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option '--use-client-spec'. See the "CLIENT SPEC" section above.
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This variable is a boolean, not the name of a p4 client.
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Submit variables
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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git-p4.detectRenames::
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Detect renames. See linkgit:git-diff[1].
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git-p4.detectCopies::
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Detect copies. See linkgit:git-diff[1].
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git-p4.detectCopiesHarder::
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Detect copies harder. See linkgit:git-diff[1].
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git-p4.preserveUser::
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On submit, re-author changes to reflect the git author,
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regardless of who invokes 'git p4 submit'.
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git-p4.allowMissingP4Users::
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When 'preserveUser' is true, 'git p4' normally dies if it
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cannot find an author in the p4 user map. This setting
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submits the change regardless.
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git-p4.skipSubmitEdit::
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The submit process invokes the editor before each p4 change
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is submitted. If this setting is true, though, the editing
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step is skipped.
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git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck::
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After editing the p4 change message, 'git p4' makes sure that
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the description really was changed by looking at the file
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modification time. This option disables that test.
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git-p4.allowSubmit::
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By default, any branch can be used as the source for a 'git p4
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submit' operation. This configuration variable, if set, permits only
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the named branches to be used as submit sources. Branch names
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must be the short names (no "refs/heads/"), and should be
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separated by commas (","), with no spaces.
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git-p4.skipUserNameCheck::
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If the user running 'git p4 submit' does not exist in the p4
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user map, 'git p4' exits. This option can be used to force
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submission regardless.
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IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
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----------------------
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* Changesets from p4 are imported using git fast-import.
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* Cloning or syncing does not require a p4 client; file contents are
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collected using 'p4 print'.
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* Submitting requires a p4 client, which is not in the same location
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as the git repository. Patches are applied, one at a time, to
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this p4 client and submitted from there.
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* Each commit imported by 'git p4' has a line at the end of the log
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message indicating the p4 depot location and change number. This
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line is used by later 'git p4 sync' operations to know which p4
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changes are new.
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