ea81fcc576
This particular use of git-rebase to remove a single commit or a range of commits from the history of a branch recently came up on the mailing list. Documenting the example should help other users arrive at the same solution on their own. It also was not obvious to the newcomer that git-rebase is able to accept any commit for --onto <newbase> and <upstream>. We should at least minimally document this, as much of the language in git-rebase's manpage refers to 'branch' rather than 'committish'. Signed-off-by: Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
229 lines
6.2 KiB
Plaintext
229 lines
6.2 KiB
Plaintext
git-rebase(1)
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=============
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NAME
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----
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git-rebase - Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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'git-rebase' [-v] [--merge] [--onto <newbase>] <upstream> [<branch>]
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'git-rebase' --continue | --skip | --abort
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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git-rebase replaces <branch> with a new branch of the same name. When
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the --onto option is provided the new branch starts out with a HEAD equal
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to <newbase>, otherwise it is equal to <upstream>. It then attempts to
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create a new commit for each commit from the original <branch> that does
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not exist in the <upstream> branch.
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It is possible that a merge failure will prevent this process from being
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completely automatic. You will have to resolve any such merge failure
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and run `git rebase --continue`. Another option is to bypass the commit
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that caused the merge failure with `git rebase --skip`. To restore the
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original <branch> and remove the .dotest working files, use the command
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`git rebase --abort` instead.
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Note that if <branch> is not specified on the command line, the currently
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checked out branch is used.
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Assume the following history exists and the current branch is "topic":
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------------
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A---B---C topic
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/
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D---E---F---G master
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------------
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From this point, the result of either of the following commands:
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git-rebase master
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git-rebase master topic
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would be:
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------------
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A'--B'--C' topic
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/
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D---E---F---G master
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------------
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The latter form is just a short-hand of `git checkout topic`
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followed by `git rebase master`.
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Here is how you would transplant a topic branch based on one
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branch to another, to pretend that you forked the topic branch
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from the latter branch, using `rebase --onto`.
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First let's assume your 'topic' is based on branch 'next'.
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For example feature developed in 'topic' depends on some
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functionality which is found in 'next'.
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------------
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o---o---o---o---o master
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\
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o---o---o---o---o next
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\
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o---o---o topic
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------------
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We would want to make 'topic' forked from branch 'master',
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for example because the functionality 'topic' branch depend on
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got merged into more stable 'master' branch, like this:
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------------
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o---o---o---o---o master
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| \
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| o'--o'--o' topic
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\
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o---o---o---o---o next
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------------
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We can get this using the following command:
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git-rebase --onto master next topic
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Another example of --onto option is to rebase part of a
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branch. If we have the following situation:
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------------
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H---I---J topicB
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/
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E---F---G topicA
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/
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A---B---C---D master
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------------
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then the command
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git-rebase --onto master topicA topicB
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would result in:
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------------
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H'--I'--J' topicB
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/
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| E---F---G topicA
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|/
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A---B---C---D master
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------------
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This is useful when topicB does not depend on topicA.
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A range of commits could also be removed with rebase. If we have
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the following situation:
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------------
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E---F---G---H---I---J topicA
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------------
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then the command
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git-rebase --onto topicA~5 topicA~2 topicA
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would result in the removal of commits F and G:
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------------
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E---H'---I'---J' topicA
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------------
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This is useful if F and G were flawed in some way, or should not be
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part of topicA. Note that the argument to --onto and the <upstream>
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parameter can be any valid commit-ish.
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In case of conflict, git-rebase will stop at the first problematic commit
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and leave conflict markers in the tree. You can use git diff to locate
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the markers (<<<<<<) and make edits to resolve the conflict. For each
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file you edit, you need to tell git that the conflict has been resolved,
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typically this would be done with
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git update-index <filename>
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After resolving the conflict manually and updating the index with the
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desired resolution, you can continue the rebasing process with
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git rebase --continue
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Alternatively, you can undo the git-rebase with
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git rebase --abort
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OPTIONS
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-------
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<newbase>::
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Starting point at which to create the new commits. If the
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--onto option is not specified, the starting point is
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<upstream>. May be any valid commit, and not just an
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existing branch name.
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<upstream>::
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Upstream branch to compare against. May be any valid commit,
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not just an existing branch name.
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<branch>::
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Working branch; defaults to HEAD.
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--continue::
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Restart the rebasing process after having resolved a merge conflict.
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--abort::
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Restore the original branch and abort the rebase operation.
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--skip::
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Restart the rebasing process by skipping the current patch.
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--merge::
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Use merging strategies to rebase. When the recursive (default) merge
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strategy is used, this allows rebase to be aware of renames on the
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upstream side.
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-s <strategy>, \--strategy=<strategy>::
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Use the given merge strategy; can be supplied more than
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once to specify them in the order they should be tried.
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If there is no `-s` option, a built-in list of strategies
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is used instead (`git-merge-recursive` when merging a single
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head, `git-merge-octopus` otherwise). This implies --merge.
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-v, \--verbose::
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Display a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last rebase.
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include::merge-strategies.txt[]
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NOTES
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-----
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When you rebase a branch, you are changing its history in a way that
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will cause problems for anyone who already has a copy of the branch
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in their repository and tries to pull updates from you. You should
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understand the implications of using 'git rebase' on a repository that
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you share.
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When the git rebase command is run, it will first execute a "pre-rebase"
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hook if one exists. You can use this hook to do sanity checks and
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reject the rebase if it isn't appropriate. Please see the template
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pre-rebase hook script for an example.
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You must be in the top directory of your project to start (or continue)
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a rebase. Upon completion, <branch> will be the current branch.
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Author
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------
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Written by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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Documentation
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--------------
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Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
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GIT
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---
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Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
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